Rapid quasi-periodic oscillations in the relativistic jet of BL Lacertae

S. G. Jorstad; A. P. Marscher; C. M. Raiteri; M. Villata; Z. R. Weaver; H. Zhang; L. Dong; J. L. Gómez; M. V. Perel; S. S. Savchenko; V. M. Larionov; D. Carosati; W. P. Chen; O. M. Kurtanidze; A. Marchini; K. Matsumoto; F. Mortari; P. Aceti; J. A. Acosta-Pulido; T. Andreeva; G. Apolonio; C. Arena; A. Arkharov; R. Bachev; M. Banfi; G. Bonnoli; G. A. Borman; V. Bozhilov; M. I. Carnerero; G. Damljanovic; S. A. Ehgamberdiev; D. Elsässer; A. Frasca; D. Gabellini; T. S. Grishina; A. C. Gupta; V. A. Hagen-Thorn; M. K. Hallum; M. Hart; K. Hasuda; F. Hemrich; H. Y. Hsiao; S. Ibryamov; T. R. Irsmambetova; D. V. Ivanov; M. D. Joner; G. N. Kimeridze; S. A. Klimanov; J. Knött; E. N. Kopatskaya; S. O. Kurtanidze; A. Kurtenkov; T. Kuutma; E. G. Larionova; S. Leonini; H. C. Lin; C. Lorey; K. Mannheim; G. Marino; M. Minev; D. O. Mirzaqulov; D. A. Morozova; A. A. Nikiforova; M. G. Nikolashvili; E. Ovcharov; R. Papini; T. Pursimo; I. Rahimov; D. Reinhart; T. Sakamoto; F. Salvaggio; E. Semkov; D. N. Shakhovskoy; L. A. Sigua; R. Steineke; M. Stojanovic; A. Strigachev; Y. V. Troitskaya; I. S. Troitskiy; A. Tsai; A. Valcheva; A. A. Vasilyev; O. Vince; L. Waller; E. Zaharieva; R. Chatterjee

doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05038-9

Rapid quasi-periodic oscillations in the relativistic jet of BL Lacertae

S. G. Jorstad, A. P. Marscher, C. M. Raiteri, M. Villata, Z. R. Weaver, H. Zhang, L. Dong, J. L. Gómez, M. V. Perel, S. S. Savchenko, V. M. Larionov, D. Carosati, W. P. Chen, O. M. Kurtanidze, A. Marchini, K. Matsumoto, F. Mortari, P. Aceti, J. A. Acosta-Pulido, T. AndreevaG. Apolonio, C. Arena, A. Arkharov, R. Bachev, M. Banfi, G. Bonnoli, G. A. Borman, V. Bozhilov, M. I. Carnerero, G. Damljanovic, S. A. Ehgamberdiev, D. Elsässer, A. Frasca, D. Gabellini, T. S. Grishina, A. C. Gupta, V. A. Hagen-Thorn, M. K. Hallum, M. Hart, K. Hasuda, F. Hemrich, H. Y. Hsiao, S. Ibryamov, T. R. Irsmambetova, D. V. Ivanov, M. D. Joner, G. N. Kimeridze, S. A. Klimanov, J. Knött, E. N. Kopatskaya, S. O. Kurtanidze, A. Kurtenkov, T. Kuutma, E. G. Larionova, S. Leonini, H. C. Lin, C. Lorey, K. Mannheim, G. Marino, M. Minev, D. O. Mirzaqulov, D. A. Morozova, A. A. Nikiforova, M. G. Nikolashvili, E. Ovcharov, R. Papini, T. Pursimo, I. Rahimov, D. Reinhart, T. Sakamoto, F. Salvaggio, E. Semkov, D. N. Shakhovskoy, L. A. Sigua, R. Steineke, M. Stojanovic, A. Strigachev, Y. V. Troitskaya, I. S. Troitskiy, A. Tsai, A. Valcheva, A. A. Vasilyev, O. Vince, L. Waller, E. Zaharieva, R. Chatterjee

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摘要

Blazars are active galactic nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets whose non-thermal radiation is extremely variable on various timescales^1–3. This variability seems mostly random, although some quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), implying systematic processes, have been reported in blazars and other AGN. QPOs with timescales of days or hours are especially rare⁴ in AGN and their nature is highly debated, explained by emitting plasma moving helically inside the jet⁵, plasma instabilities^6,7 or orbital motion in an accretion disc^7,8. Here we report results of intense optical and γ-ray flux monitoring of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) during a dramatic outburst in 2020 (ref. ⁹). BL Lac, the prototype of a subclass of blazars¹⁰, is powered by a 1.7 × 10⁸ M_Sun (ref. ¹¹) black hole in an elliptical galaxy (distance = 313 megaparsecs (ref. ¹²)). Our observations show QPOs of optical flux and linear polarization, and γ-ray flux, with cycles as short as approximately 13 h during the highest state of the outburst. The QPO properties match the expectations of current-driven kink instabilities⁶ near a recollimation shock about 5 parsecs (pc) from the black hole in the wake of an apparent superluminal feature moving down the jet. Such a kink is apparent in a microwave Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) image.

原文	???core.languages.en_GB???
頁（從 - 到）	265-268
頁數	4
期刊	Nature
卷	609
發行號	7926
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05038-9
出版狀態	已出版 - 8 9月 2022

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10.1038/s41586-022-05038-9

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Jorstad, S. G., Marscher, A. P., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Weaver, Z. R., Zhang, H., Dong, L., Gómez, J. L., Perel, M. V., Savchenko, S. S., Larionov, V. M., Carosati, D., Chen, W. P., Kurtanidze, O. M., Marchini, A., Matsumoto, K., Mortari, F., Aceti, P., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., ... Chatterjee, R. (2022). Rapid quasi-periodic oscillations in the relativistic jet of BL Lacertae. Nature, 609(7926), 265-268. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05038-9

@article{aea6756a5d714681b20468fe0ad8d78c,

title = "Rapid quasi-periodic oscillations in the relativistic jet of BL Lacertae",

abstract = "Blazars are active galactic nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets whose non-thermal radiation is extremely variable on various timescales1–3. This variability seems mostly random, although some quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), implying systematic processes, have been reported in blazars and other AGN. QPOs with timescales of days or hours are especially rare4 in AGN and their nature is highly debated, explained by emitting plasma moving helically inside the jet5, plasma instabilities6,7 or orbital motion in an accretion disc7,8. Here we report results of intense optical and γ-ray flux monitoring of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) during a dramatic outburst in 2020 (ref. 9). BL Lac, the prototype of a subclass of blazars10, is powered by a 1.7 × 108 MSun (ref. 11) black hole in an elliptical galaxy (distance = 313 megaparsecs (ref. 12)). Our observations show QPOs of optical flux and linear polarization, and γ-ray flux, with cycles as short as approximately 13 h during the highest state of the outburst. The QPO properties match the expectations of current-driven kink instabilities6 near a recollimation shock about 5 parsecs (pc) from the black hole in the wake of an apparent superluminal feature moving down the jet. Such a kink is apparent in a microwave Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) image.",

author = "Jorstad, {S. G.} and Marscher, {A. P.} and Raiteri, {C. M.} and M. Villata and Weaver, {Z. R.} and H. Zhang and L. Dong and G{\'o}mez, {J. L.} and Perel, {M. V.} and Savchenko, {S. S.} and Larionov, {V. M.} and D. Carosati and Chen, {W. P.} and Kurtanidze, {O. M.} and A. Marchini and K. Matsumoto and F. Mortari and P. Aceti and Acosta-Pulido, {J. A.} and T. Andreeva and G. Apolonio and C. Arena and A. Arkharov and R. Bachev and M. Banfi and G. Bonnoli and Borman, {G. A.} and V. Bozhilov and Carnerero, {M. I.} and G. Damljanovic and Ehgamberdiev, {S. A.} and D. Els{\"a}sser and A. Frasca and D. Gabellini and Grishina, {T. S.} and Gupta, {A. C.} and Hagen-Thorn, {V. A.} and Hallum, {M. K.} and M. Hart and K. Hasuda and F. Hemrich and Hsiao, {H. Y.} and S. Ibryamov and Irsmambetova, {T. R.} and Ivanov, {D. V.} and Joner, {M. D.} and Kimeridze, {G. N.} and Klimanov, {S. A.} and J. Kn{\"o}tt and Kopatskaya, {E. N.} and Kurtanidze, {S. O.} and A. Kurtenkov and T. Kuutma and Larionova, {E. G.} and S. Leonini and Lin, {H. C.} and C. Lorey and K. Mannheim and G. Marino and M. Minev and Mirzaqulov, {D. O.} and Morozova, {D. A.} and Nikiforova, {A. A.} and Nikolashvili, {M. G.} and E. Ovcharov and R. Papini and T. Pursimo and I. Rahimov and D. Reinhart and T. Sakamoto and F. Salvaggio and E. Semkov and Shakhovskoy, {D. N.} and Sigua, {L. A.} and R. Steineke and M. Stojanovic and A. Strigachev and Troitskaya, {Y. V.} and Troitskiy, {I. S.} and A. Tsai and A. Valcheva and Vasilyev, {A. A.} and O. Vince and L. Waller and E. Zaharieva and R. Chatterjee",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.",

year = "2022",

month = sep,

day = "8",

doi = "10.1038/s41586-022-05038-9",

language = "???core.languages.en_GB???",

volume = "609",

pages = "265--268",

journal = "Nature",

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Jorstad, SG, Marscher, AP, Raiteri, CM, Villata, M, Weaver, ZR, Zhang, H, Dong, L, Gómez, JL, Perel, MV, Savchenko, SS, Larionov, VM, Carosati, D, Chen, WP, Kurtanidze, OM, Marchini, A, Matsumoto, K, Mortari, F, Aceti, P, Acosta-Pulido, JA, Andreeva, T, Apolonio, G, Arena, C, Arkharov, A, Bachev, R, Banfi, M, Bonnoli, G, Borman, GA, Bozhilov, V, Carnerero, MI, Damljanovic, G, Ehgamberdiev, SA, Elsässer, D, Frasca, A, Gabellini, D, Grishina, TS, Gupta, AC, Hagen-Thorn, VA, Hallum, MK, Hart, M, Hasuda, K, Hemrich, F, Hsiao, HY, Ibryamov, S, Irsmambetova, TR, Ivanov, DV, Joner, MD, Kimeridze, GN, Klimanov, SA, Knött, J, Kopatskaya, EN, Kurtanidze, SO, Kurtenkov, A, Kuutma, T, Larionova, EG, Leonini, S, Lin, HC, Lorey, C, Mannheim, K, Marino, G, Minev, M, Mirzaqulov, DO, Morozova, DA, Nikiforova, AA, Nikolashvili, MG, Ovcharov, E, Papini, R, Pursimo, T, Rahimov, I, Reinhart, D, Sakamoto, T, Salvaggio, F, Semkov, E, Shakhovskoy, DN, Sigua, LA, Steineke, R, Stojanovic, M, Strigachev, A, Troitskaya, YV, Troitskiy, IS, Tsai, A, Valcheva, A, Vasilyev, AA, Vince, O, Waller, L, Zaharieva, E & Chatterjee, R 2022, 'Rapid quasi-periodic oscillations in the relativistic jet of BL Lacertae', Nature, 卷 609, 編號 7926, 頁 265-268. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05038-9

TY - JOUR

T1 - Rapid quasi-periodic oscillations in the relativistic jet of BL Lacertae

AU - Jorstad, S. G.

AU - Marscher, A. P.

AU - Raiteri, C. M.

AU - Villata, M.

AU - Weaver, Z. R.

AU - Zhang, H.

AU - Dong, L.

AU - Gómez, J. L.

AU - Perel, M. V.

AU - Savchenko, S. S.

AU - Larionov, V. M.

AU - Carosati, D.

AU - Chen, W. P.

AU - Kurtanidze, O. M.

AU - Marchini, A.

AU - Matsumoto, K.

AU - Mortari, F.

AU - Aceti, P.

AU - Acosta-Pulido, J. A.

AU - Andreeva, T.

AU - Apolonio, G.

AU - Arena, C.

AU - Arkharov, A.

AU - Bachev, R.

AU - Banfi, M.

AU - Bonnoli, G.

AU - Borman, G. A.

AU - Bozhilov, V.

AU - Carnerero, M. I.

AU - Damljanovic, G.

AU - Ehgamberdiev, S. A.

AU - Elsässer, D.

AU - Frasca, A.

AU - Gabellini, D.

AU - Grishina, T. S.

AU - Gupta, A. C.

AU - Hagen-Thorn, V. A.

AU - Hallum, M. K.

AU - Hart, M.

AU - Hasuda, K.

AU - Hemrich, F.

AU - Hsiao, H. Y.

AU - Ibryamov, S.

AU - Irsmambetova, T. R.

AU - Ivanov, D. V.

AU - Joner, M. D.

AU - Kimeridze, G. N.

AU - Klimanov, S. A.

AU - Knött, J.

AU - Kopatskaya, E. N.

AU - Kurtanidze, S. O.

AU - Kurtenkov, A.

AU - Kuutma, T.

AU - Larionova, E. G.

AU - Leonini, S.

AU - Lin, H. C.

AU - Lorey, C.

AU - Mannheim, K.

AU - Marino, G.

AU - Minev, M.

AU - Mirzaqulov, D. O.

AU - Morozova, D. A.

AU - Nikiforova, A. A.

AU - Nikolashvili, M. G.

AU - Ovcharov, E.

AU - Papini, R.

AU - Pursimo, T.

AU - Rahimov, I.

AU - Reinhart, D.

AU - Sakamoto, T.

AU - Salvaggio, F.

AU - Semkov, E.

AU - Shakhovskoy, D. N.

AU - Sigua, L. A.

AU - Steineke, R.

AU - Stojanovic, M.

AU - Strigachev, A.

AU - Troitskaya, Y. V.

AU - Troitskiy, I. S.

AU - Tsai, A.

AU - Valcheva, A.

AU - Vasilyev, A. A.

AU - Vince, O.

AU - Waller, L.

AU - Zaharieva, E.

AU - Chatterjee, R.

PY - 2022/9/8

Y1 - 2022/9/8

N2 - Blazars are active galactic nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets whose non-thermal radiation is extremely variable on various timescales1–3. This variability seems mostly random, although some quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), implying systematic processes, have been reported in blazars and other AGN. QPOs with timescales of days or hours are especially rare4 in AGN and their nature is highly debated, explained by emitting plasma moving helically inside the jet5, plasma instabilities6,7 or orbital motion in an accretion disc7,8. Here we report results of intense optical and γ-ray flux monitoring of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) during a dramatic outburst in 2020 (ref. 9). BL Lac, the prototype of a subclass of blazars10, is powered by a 1.7 × 108 MSun (ref. 11) black hole in an elliptical galaxy (distance = 313 megaparsecs (ref. 12)). Our observations show QPOs of optical flux and linear polarization, and γ-ray flux, with cycles as short as approximately 13 h during the highest state of the outburst. The QPO properties match the expectations of current-driven kink instabilities6 near a recollimation shock about 5 parsecs (pc) from the black hole in the wake of an apparent superluminal feature moving down the jet. Such a kink is apparent in a microwave Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) image.

AB - Blazars are active galactic nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets whose non-thermal radiation is extremely variable on various timescales1–3. This variability seems mostly random, although some quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), implying systematic processes, have been reported in blazars and other AGN. QPOs with timescales of days or hours are especially rare4 in AGN and their nature is highly debated, explained by emitting plasma moving helically inside the jet5, plasma instabilities6,7 or orbital motion in an accretion disc7,8. Here we report results of intense optical and γ-ray flux monitoring of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) during a dramatic outburst in 2020 (ref. 9). BL Lac, the prototype of a subclass of blazars10, is powered by a 1.7 × 108 MSun (ref. 11) black hole in an elliptical galaxy (distance = 313 megaparsecs (ref. 12)). Our observations show QPOs of optical flux and linear polarization, and γ-ray flux, with cycles as short as approximately 13 h during the highest state of the outburst. The QPO properties match the expectations of current-driven kink instabilities6 near a recollimation shock about 5 parsecs (pc) from the black hole in the wake of an apparent superluminal feature moving down the jet. Such a kink is apparent in a microwave Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) image.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85137521436&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1038/s41586-022-05038-9

DO - 10.1038/s41586-022-05038-9

M3 - 期刊論文

C2 - 36071186

AN - SCOPUS:85137521436

SN - 0028-0836

VL - 609

SP - 265

EP - 268

JO - Nature

JF - Nature

IS - 7926

ER -

Rapid quasi-periodic oscillations in the relativistic jet of BL Lacertae

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