@inproceedings{c74440a834c844178f72a78f57c033eb,
title = "Predicting hardness of four groundwater monitoring stations in kaohsiung city of taiwan using seven types of GM (1, 1) model",
abstract = "In this study, seven types of first-order and one-variable grey differential equation model (abbreviated as GM (1, 1) model) were used to predict the hardness of four groundwater monitoring stations in Kaohsiung City of Taiwan. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was used to evaluate the predicting performance. The results indicated the minimum MAPE of 4.71%, 3.15%, 2.66%, and 16.63% could be achieved when predicting hardness of Fonsi, Datung, Shaukang, and Chihsien stations, respectively. According to the results, it revealed that GM (1, 1) was an efficiently early warning tool for providing groundwater quality information to the competent authority.",
keywords = "GM (1,1), Grey model, Grey system theory, Groundwater quality, Hardness",
author = "Pai, {Tzu Yi} and Wu, {Ray Shyan} and Chen, {Ching Ho} and Li Chen and Lin, {Ching Yuan} and Lee, {Hsin Yi} and Shih, {Li Hua} and Jiang, {Yu Ze} and Shen, {Ching Yin}",
year = "2014",
doi = "10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.905.314",
language = "???core.languages.en_GB???",
isbn = "9783038350583",
series = "Advanced Materials Research",
publisher = "Trans Tech Publications",
pages = "314--317",
booktitle = "Advances in Applied Materials and Electronics Engineering III",
note = "3rd International Conference on Applied Materials and Electronics Engineering, AMEE 2014 ; Conference date: 26-04-2014 Through 27-04-2014",
}