Ordinary polarized phase conjugator using the photovoltaic effect

Self-pumped phase conjugators so far always work with extraordinary (e) polarized light waves. Theoretical analysis however has pointed out that the e-polarized waves and ordinary (o) polarized waves could be coupled together via the circular photovoltaic effect. We report here an experimental realization of this theoretical prediction and present an o-polarized conjugator. The core element of this setup is a 0°-cut undoped BaTiO₃ crystal, which is aligned in a Cat-conjugator architecture with respect to an incident beam of e-polarized waves. Simultaneously we shine a beam of o-polarized waves on the crystal. Upon the appearance of the e-conjugate waves, we also observed the o-conjugate waves. The resolution of this ordinary polarized phase conjugator is comparable to that of the prevailing e-waves conjugators.