TY - JOUR
T1 - Ordered nano-structured mesoporous CMK-8 and other carbonaceous positive electrodes for rechargeable aluminum batteries
AU - Li, Chi
AU - Rath, Purna Chandra
AU - Lu, Shi Xian
AU - Patra, Jagabandhu
AU - Su, Ching Yuan
AU - Bresser, Dominic
AU - Passerini, Stefano
AU - Chang, Jeng Kuei
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/8/1
Y1 - 2021/8/1
N2 - The chloroaluminate ion storage properties of various carbonaceous electrodes, namely soft carbon (SC), hard carbon (HC), activated carbon (AC), and ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-8, are investigated. The effects of carbon crystallinity, surface area, and pore size are systematically examined. Due to their non-ideal graphitic structures, the charge–discharge capacities of SC and HC electrodes are unfavorable for practical applications, although SC, with its relatively high crystallinity, outperforms HC. The high-surface-area AC and CMK-8 exhibit reversible capacities of 59.0 and 100.5 mAh g−1, respectively, at 300 mA g−1. Pore size and geometry play important roles in determining the electrochemical properties. The CMK-8 framework not only serves as an electronic conduction pathway but also provides interpenetrating three-dimensional open channels for electrolyte accessibility and complex AlCl4− anion transport. The charge storage mechanism of the CMK-8 electrode, confirmed by electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, has a capacitive contribution and a diffusion-controlled intercalation/deintercalation contribution. Based on this unique mechanism, great rate capability, and excellent cyclability of the CMK-8 electrode are demonstrated.
AB - The chloroaluminate ion storage properties of various carbonaceous electrodes, namely soft carbon (SC), hard carbon (HC), activated carbon (AC), and ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-8, are investigated. The effects of carbon crystallinity, surface area, and pore size are systematically examined. Due to their non-ideal graphitic structures, the charge–discharge capacities of SC and HC electrodes are unfavorable for practical applications, although SC, with its relatively high crystallinity, outperforms HC. The high-surface-area AC and CMK-8 exhibit reversible capacities of 59.0 and 100.5 mAh g−1, respectively, at 300 mA g−1. Pore size and geometry play important roles in determining the electrochemical properties. The CMK-8 framework not only serves as an electronic conduction pathway but also provides interpenetrating three-dimensional open channels for electrolyte accessibility and complex AlCl4− anion transport. The charge storage mechanism of the CMK-8 electrode, confirmed by electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry, has a capacitive contribution and a diffusion-controlled intercalation/deintercalation contribution. Based on this unique mechanism, great rate capability, and excellent cyclability of the CMK-8 electrode are demonstrated.
KW - Crystallinity
KW - Interpenetrating open channels
KW - Ionic liquid electrolyte
KW - Pore size effects
KW - Porous carbon electrodes
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102128017&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129131
DO - 10.1016/j.cej.2021.129131
M3 - 期刊論文
AN - SCOPUS:85102128017
SN - 1385-8947
VL - 417
JO - Chemical Engineering Journal
JF - Chemical Engineering Journal
M1 - 129131
ER -