Online knowledge-structure-based adaptive science learning: Integrates adaptive dynamic assessment into adaptive learning

This paper aims to report the Adaptive E-learning for Science Project (AESP) in Taiwan. The AESP aims to develop an adaptive science learning system, introduce it to primary science teachers and examine the effectiveness of using this adaptive science learning system. The adaptive learning system is knowledge-structure-based and integrates adaptive dynamic assessment into adaptive learning. Besides, to construct the diagnostic items and learning materials, a group of expert primary science teachers and science educators also participated. With a knowledge-structure-based approach, we analyzed and constructed the conceptual (or skill) nodes and conceptual (or skill) network (i.e., knowledge structure) based on the Taiwanese Science Curriculum Guidelines for grade 1-6 firstly. The conceptual (or skill) network reveals the hierarchical relationships among the conceptual nodes. Then, according to the conceptual (or skill) nodes, diagnostic items for adaptive dynamic assessment and instructional materials (videos) for adaptive learning were designed. After developing the system, the adaptive science learning system was introduced to primary science teachers and conducted preliminary studies to evaluate the effects of using this online adaptive learning system in different science learning contexts (e.g., ICT-based lecture and flipped classroom). The major findings derived from two preliminary studies are discussed.