Nonlinear transport in a two dimensional holographic superconductor

The problem of nonlinear transport in a two-dimensional superconductor with an applied oscillating electric field is solved by the holographic method. The complex conductivity can be computed from the dynamics of the current for both the near- and nonequilibrium regimes. The limit of weak electric field corresponds to the near-equilibrium superconducting regime, where the charge response is linear and the conductivity develops a gap determined by the condensate. A larger electric field drives the system into a superconducting nonequilibrium steady state, where the nonlinear conductivity is quadratic with respect to the electric field. Increasing the amplitude of the applied electric field results in a far-from-equilibrium nonsuperconducting steady state with a universal linear conductivity of one. In the lower temperature regime we also find chaotic behavior of the superconducting gap, which results in a nonmonotonic field-dependent nonlinear conductivity.