Ion sputtering and surface erosion at Europa

Physics & Astronomy

• Europa 100%
• erosion 66%
• sputtering 53%
• ions 31%
• Galileo project 24%
• ion production rates 23%
• radiation counters 16%
• energetic particles 15%
• ionospherics 15%
• molecules 14%
• wakes 13%
• plasma density 13%
• bombardment 12%
• sensors 8%
• water 7%
• liquids 7%
• gases 6%

Earth & Environmental Sciences

• Europa 88%
• erosion 46%
• ion 43%
• rate 22%
• Galileo (spacecraft) 20%
• erosion rate 14%
• particle 13%
• energetics 12%
• detector 11%
• plasma 10%
• liquid 8%
• gas 6%
• effect 6%
• experiment 5%