Interfacial reactions and microstructural evolution of periodic Ni nanodot arrays on N ₂ ⁺ -implanted amorphous Si substrates

We report here on the results of a systematic investigation of the interfacial reactions and microstructural evolution of nanoscale Ni metal dots on N ₂ ⁺ -implanted amorphous Si (a-Si) substrates under different annealing conditions. During annealing, Ni ₂ Si was the first phase to form, followed by NiSi and NiSi ₂ . The three Ni-silicide phases formed were polycrystalline and the average sizes of the annealed nanodots were observed to increase with the annealing temperature, up to 500 °C. After a further increase of the annealing temperature and/or time, it is interesting to note that the NiSi ₂ grains gradually migrated outward from their original nanodot positions to the a-Si regions, which resulted in the formation of a remarkable NiSi ₂ nanoring structure. The inner regions of the NiSi ₂ nanorings were found to be comprised of a single crystalline Si phase, indicating mediation of the epitaxial crystallization of N ₂ ⁺ -implanted a-Si by the lateral migration of the NiSi ₂ nanodots. Furthermore, the annealing temperature required for complete recrystallization of the a-Si layer in the Ni nanodot/N ₂ ⁺ -implanted a-Si sample could be significantly reduced to 550 °C, 200 °C lower than that which was required the blank N ₂ ⁺ -implanted a-Si sample. It is suggested that the formation of these remarkable NiSi ₂ nanoring structures and the enhancement of N ₂ ⁺ -implanted a-Si recrystallization in the presence of NiSi ₂ nanodots were due to the silicide-induced crystallization mechanism.