Global observations from PHOBOS

Mark D. Baker; B. B. Back; D. S. Barton; R. R. Betts; M. Ballintijn; A. A. Bickley; R. Bindel; A. Bal; W. Busza; A. Carroll; M. P. Decowski; E. García; N. George; K. Gulbrandsen; S. Gushue; C. Halliwon; J. Hamblen; G. A. Heintzelman; C. Henderson; D. J. Hofman; R. S. Hollis; R. Hołyński; B. Holzman; A. Iordanova; E. Johnson; J. L. Kane; J. Katzy; N. Khan; W. Kucewicz; P. Kulich; C. M. Kan; W. T. Lin; S. Manly; D. McLeod; J. Michałowski; A. C. Mignerey; R. Nouicer; A. Olszewski; R. Pak; I. C. Park; H. Pernegger; C. Reed; L. P. Remsberg; M. Reuter; C. Roland; G. Roland; L. Rosenberg; J. Sagerer; P. Sarin; P. Sawicki; W. Skulski; S. G. Steadman; P. Steinberg; G. S.T.M. Stodulski; M. Stodulski; A. Sukhanov; J. L. Tang; R. Teng; A. Trzupek; C. Vale; G. J. Van Nieuwenhuizen; R. Verdier; B. Wadsworth; F. L.H. Wolfs; B. Wosiek; K. Woźniak; A. H. Wuosmaa; B. Wysłouch

doi:10.1016/S0375-9474(02)01414-8

Global observations from PHOBOS

Mark D. Baker, B. B. Back, D. S. Barton, R. R. Betts, M. Ballintijn, A. A. Bickley, R. Bindel, A. Bal, W. Busza, A. Carroll, M. P. Decowski, E. García, N. George, K. Gulbrandsen, S. Gushue, C. Halliwon, J. Hamblen, G. A. Heintzelman, C. Henderson, D. J. HofmanR. S. Hollis, R. Hołyński, B. Holzman, A. Iordanova, E. Johnson, J. L. Kane, J. Katzy, N. Khan, W. Kucewicz, P. Kulich, C. M. Kan, W. T. Lin, S. Manly, D. McLeod, J. Michałowski, A. C. Mignerey, R. Nouicer, A. Olszewski, R. Pak, I. C. Park, H. Pernegger, C. Reed, L. P. Remsberg, M. Reuter, C. Roland, G. Roland, L. Rosenberg, J. Sagerer, P. Sarin, P. Sawicki, W. Skulski, S. G. Steadman, P. Steinberg, G. S.T.M. Stodulski, M. Stodulski, A. Sukhanov, J. L. Tang, R. Teng, A. Trzupek, C. Vale, G. J. Van Nieuwenhuizen, R. Verdier, B. Wadsworth, F. L.H. Wolfs, B. Wosiek, K. Woźniak, A. H. Wuosmaa, B. Wysłouch

物理學系

研究成果: 雜誌貢獻 › 期刊論文 › 同行評審

18 引文斯高帕斯（Scopus）

摘要

Particle production in Au+Au collisions has been measured in the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC for a range of collision energies. Three empirical observations have emerged from this dataset which require theoretical examination. First, there is clear evidence of limiting fragmentation. Namely, particle production in central Au + Au collisions, when expressed as dN/dη′ (η′ = η -y_beam), becomes energy independent at high energy for a broad region of η′ around η′ = 0. This energy-independent, region grows with energy. allowing only a limited region (if any) of longitudinal boost-invariance. Second, there is a striking similarity between particle production in e⁺e ^- and Au + Au collisions (scaled by the number of participating nucleon pairs). Both the total number of produced particles and the longitudinal distribution of produced particles are approximately the same in e ⁺e^- and in scaled Au + Au. This observation was not predicted and has not been explained. Finally, particle production has been found to scale approximately with the number of participating nucleon pairs for 〈N_part〉 > 65. This scaling occurs both for the total multiplicity and for high p_T particles (3 < p_T < 4.5 GeV/c).

原文	???core.languages.en_GB???
頁（從 - 到）	65c-74c
期刊	Nuclear Physics A
卷	715
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(02)01414-8
出版狀態	已出版 - 10 3月 2003

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10.1016/S0375-9474(02)01414-8

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Baker, M. D., Back, B. B., Barton, D. S., Betts, R. R., Ballintijn, M., Bickley, A. A., Bindel, R., Bal, A., Busza, W., Carroll, A., Decowski, M. P., García, E., George, N., Gulbrandsen, K., Gushue, S., Halliwon, C., Hamblen, J., Heintzelman, G. A., Henderson, C., ... Wysłouch, B. (2003). Global observations from PHOBOS. Nuclear Physics A, 715, 65c-74c. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(02)01414-8

Baker, Mark D. ; Back, B. B. ; Barton, D. S. ; Betts, R. R. ; Ballintijn, M. ; Bickley, A. A. ; Bindel, R. ; Bal, A. ; Busza, W. ; Carroll, A. ; Decowski, M. P. ; García, E. ; George, N. ; Gulbrandsen, K. ; Gushue, S. ; Halliwon, C. ; Hamblen, J. ; Heintzelman, G. A. ; Henderson, C. ; Hofman, D. J. ; Hollis, R. S. ; Hołyński, R. ; Holzman, B. ; Iordanova, A. ; Johnson, E. ; Kane, J. L. ; Katzy, J. ; Khan, N. ; Kucewicz, W. ; Kulich, P. ; Kan, C. M. ; Lin, W. T. ; Manly, S. ; McLeod, D. ; Michałowski, J. ; Mignerey, A. C. ; Nouicer, R. ; Olszewski, A. ; Pak, R. ; Park, I. C. ; Pernegger, H. ; Reed, C. ; Remsberg, L. P. ; Reuter, M. ; Roland, C. ; Roland, G. ; Rosenberg, L. ; Sagerer, J. ; Sarin, P. ; Sawicki, P. ; Skulski, W. ; Steadman, S. G. ; Steinberg, P. ; Stodulski, G. S.T.M. ; Stodulski, M. ; Sukhanov, A. ; Tang, J. L. ; Teng, R. ; Trzupek, A. ; Vale, C. ; Van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J. ; Verdier, R. ; Wadsworth, B. ; Wolfs, F. L.H. ; Wosiek, B. ; Woźniak, K. ; Wuosmaa, A. H. ; Wysłouch, B. / Global observations from PHOBOS. 於: Nuclear Physics A. 2003 ; 卷 715. 頁 65c-74c.

@article{93e016dbd61b4e208dda38a099166b1a,

title = "Global observations from PHOBOS",

abstract = "Particle production in Au+Au collisions has been measured in the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC for a range of collision energies. Three empirical observations have emerged from this dataset which require theoretical examination. First, there is clear evidence of limiting fragmentation. Namely, particle production in central Au + Au collisions, when expressed as dN/dη′ (η′ = η -ybeam), becomes energy independent at high energy for a broad region of η′ around η′ = 0. This energy-independent, region grows with energy. allowing only a limited region (if any) of longitudinal boost-invariance. Second, there is a striking similarity between particle production in e+e - and Au + Au collisions (scaled by the number of participating nucleon pairs). Both the total number of produced particles and the longitudinal distribution of produced particles are approximately the same in e +e- and in scaled Au + Au. This observation was not predicted and has not been explained. Finally, particle production has been found to scale approximately with the number of participating nucleon pairs for 〈Npart〉 > 65. This scaling occurs both for the total multiplicity and for high pT particles (3 < pT < 4.5 GeV/c).",

author = "Baker, {Mark D.} and Back, {B. B.} and Barton, {D. S.} and Betts, {R. R.} and M. Ballintijn and Bickley, {A. A.} and R. Bindel and A. Bal and W. Busza and A. Carroll and Decowski, {M. P.} and E. Garc{\'i}a and N. George and K. Gulbrandsen and S. Gushue and C. Halliwon and J. Hamblen and Heintzelman, {G. A.} and C. Henderson and Hofman, {D. J.} and Hollis, {R. S.} and R. Ho{\l}y{\'n}ski and B. Holzman and A. Iordanova and E. Johnson and Kane, {J. L.} and J. Katzy and N. Khan and W. Kucewicz and P. Kulich and Kan, {C. M.} and Lin, {W. T.} and S. Manly and D. McLeod and J. Micha{\l}owski and Mignerey, {A. C.} and R. Nouicer and A. Olszewski and R. Pak and Park, {I. C.} and H. Pernegger and C. Reed and Remsberg, {L. P.} and M. Reuter and C. Roland and G. Roland and L. Rosenberg and J. Sagerer and P. Sarin and P. Sawicki and W. Skulski and Steadman, {S. G.} and P. Steinberg and Stodulski, {G. S.T.M.} and M. Stodulski and A. Sukhanov and Tang, {J. L.} and R. Teng and A. Trzupek and C. Vale and {Van Nieuwenhuizen}, {G. J.} and R. Verdier and B. Wadsworth and Wolfs, {F. L.H.} and B. Wosiek and K. Wo{\'z}niak and Wuosmaa, {A. H.} and B. Wys{\l}ouch",

note = "Funding Information: These empirical observations serve, at least, to characterize heavy ion collisions in an economical way and to challenge models. At best, the observed scaling and universalities may point the way to a fairly simple partonic description of this high density matter and thus advance our knowledge of the strong interaction. Acknowledgments: This work was partially supported by U.S. DOE grants DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-FG02-93ER40802, DE-FC02-94ER40818, DE-FG02-94ER40865, DE-FG02-99ER41099, and W-31-109-ENG-38 as well as NSF grants 9603486, 9722606 and 0072204. The Polish group was partially supported by KBN grant 2-P03B-10323. The NCU group was partially supported by NSC of Taiwan under contract NSC 89-2112-M-008-024.",

year = "2003",

month = mar,

day = "10",

doi = "10.1016/S0375-9474(02)01414-8",

language = "???core.languages.en_GB???",

volume = "715",

pages = "65c--74c",

journal = "Nuclear Physics A",

issn = "0375-9474",

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Baker, MD, Back, BB, Barton, DS, Betts, RR, Ballintijn, M, Bickley, AA, Bindel, R, Bal, A, Busza, W, Carroll, A, Decowski, MP, García, E, George, N, Gulbrandsen, K, Gushue, S, Halliwon, C, Hamblen, J, Heintzelman, GA, Henderson, C, Hofman, DJ, Hollis, RS, Hołyński, R, Holzman, B, Iordanova, A, Johnson, E, Kane, JL, Katzy, J, Khan, N, Kucewicz, W, Kulich, P, Kan, CM, Lin, WT, Manly, S, McLeod, D, Michałowski, J, Mignerey, AC, Nouicer, R, Olszewski, A, Pak, R, Park, IC, Pernegger, H, Reed, C, Remsberg, LP, Reuter, M, Roland, C, Roland, G, Rosenberg, L, Sagerer, J, Sarin, P, Sawicki, P, Skulski, W, Steadman, SG, Steinberg, P, Stodulski, GSTM, Stodulski, M, Sukhanov, A, Tang, JL, Teng, R, Trzupek, A, Vale, C, Van Nieuwenhuizen, GJ, Verdier, R, Wadsworth, B, Wolfs, FLH, Wosiek, B, Woźniak, K, Wuosmaa, AH & Wysłouch, B 2003, 'Global observations from PHOBOS', Nuclear Physics A, 卷 715, 頁 65c-74c. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0375-9474(02)01414-8

Global observations from PHOBOS. / Baker, Mark D.; Back, B. B.; Barton, D. S.; Betts, R. R.; Ballintijn, M.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Bal, A.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwon, C.; Hamblen, J.; Heintzelman, G. A.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Katzy, J.; Khan, N.; Kucewicz, W.; Kulich, P.; Kan, C. M.; Lin, W. T.; Manly, S.; McLeod, D.; Michałowski, J.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Remsberg, L. P.; Reuter, M.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rosenberg, L.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sawicki, P.; Skulski, W.; Steadman, S. G.; Steinberg, P.; Stodulski, G. S.T.M.; Stodulski, M.; Sukhanov, A.; Tang, J. L.; Teng, R.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; Van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.; Verdier, R.; Wadsworth, B.; Wolfs, F. L.H.; Wosiek, B.; Woźniak, K.; Wuosmaa, A. H.; Wysłouch, B.

於: Nuclear Physics A, 卷 715, 10.03.2003, p. 65c-74c.

研究成果: 雜誌貢獻 › 期刊論文 › 同行評審

TY - JOUR

T1 - Global observations from PHOBOS

AU - Baker, Mark D.

AU - Back, B. B.

AU - Barton, D. S.

AU - Betts, R. R.

AU - Ballintijn, M.

AU - Bickley, A. A.

AU - Bindel, R.

AU - Bal, A.

AU - Busza, W.

AU - Carroll, A.

AU - Decowski, M. P.

AU - García, E.

AU - George, N.

AU - Gulbrandsen, K.

AU - Gushue, S.

AU - Halliwon, C.

AU - Hamblen, J.

AU - Heintzelman, G. A.

AU - Henderson, C.

AU - Hofman, D. J.

AU - Hollis, R. S.

AU - Hołyński, R.

AU - Holzman, B.

AU - Iordanova, A.

AU - Johnson, E.

AU - Kane, J. L.

AU - Katzy, J.

AU - Khan, N.

AU - Kucewicz, W.

AU - Kulich, P.

AU - Kan, C. M.

AU - Lin, W. T.

AU - Manly, S.

AU - McLeod, D.

AU - Michałowski, J.

AU - Mignerey, A. C.

AU - Nouicer, R.

AU - Olszewski, A.

AU - Pak, R.

AU - Park, I. C.

AU - Pernegger, H.

AU - Reed, C.

AU - Remsberg, L. P.

AU - Reuter, M.

AU - Roland, C.

AU - Roland, G.

AU - Rosenberg, L.

AU - Sagerer, J.

AU - Sarin, P.

AU - Sawicki, P.

AU - Skulski, W.

AU - Steadman, S. G.

AU - Steinberg, P.

AU - Stodulski, G. S.T.M.

AU - Stodulski, M.

AU - Sukhanov, A.

AU - Tang, J. L.

AU - Teng, R.

AU - Trzupek, A.

AU - Vale, C.

AU - Van Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.

AU - Verdier, R.

AU - Wadsworth, B.

AU - Wolfs, F. L.H.

AU - Wosiek, B.

AU - Woźniak, K.

AU - Wuosmaa, A. H.

AU - Wysłouch, B.

N1 - Funding Information: These empirical observations serve, at least, to characterize heavy ion collisions in an economical way and to challenge models. At best, the observed scaling and universalities may point the way to a fairly simple partonic description of this high density matter and thus advance our knowledge of the strong interaction. Acknowledgments: This work was partially supported by U.S. DOE grants DE-AC02-98CH10886, DE-FG02-93ER40802, DE-FC02-94ER40818, DE-FG02-94ER40865, DE-FG02-99ER41099, and W-31-109-ENG-38 as well as NSF grants 9603486, 9722606 and 0072204. The Polish group was partially supported by KBN grant 2-P03B-10323. The NCU group was partially supported by NSC of Taiwan under contract NSC 89-2112-M-008-024.

PY - 2003/3/10

Y1 - 2003/3/10

N2 - Particle production in Au+Au collisions has been measured in the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC for a range of collision energies. Three empirical observations have emerged from this dataset which require theoretical examination. First, there is clear evidence of limiting fragmentation. Namely, particle production in central Au + Au collisions, when expressed as dN/dη′ (η′ = η -ybeam), becomes energy independent at high energy for a broad region of η′ around η′ = 0. This energy-independent, region grows with energy. allowing only a limited region (if any) of longitudinal boost-invariance. Second, there is a striking similarity between particle production in e+e - and Au + Au collisions (scaled by the number of participating nucleon pairs). Both the total number of produced particles and the longitudinal distribution of produced particles are approximately the same in e +e- and in scaled Au + Au. This observation was not predicted and has not been explained. Finally, particle production has been found to scale approximately with the number of participating nucleon pairs for 〈Npart〉 > 65. This scaling occurs both for the total multiplicity and for high pT particles (3 < pT < 4.5 GeV/c).

AB - Particle production in Au+Au collisions has been measured in the PHOBOS experiment at RHIC for a range of collision energies. Three empirical observations have emerged from this dataset which require theoretical examination. First, there is clear evidence of limiting fragmentation. Namely, particle production in central Au + Au collisions, when expressed as dN/dη′ (η′ = η -ybeam), becomes energy independent at high energy for a broad region of η′ around η′ = 0. This energy-independent, region grows with energy. allowing only a limited region (if any) of longitudinal boost-invariance. Second, there is a striking similarity between particle production in e+e - and Au + Au collisions (scaled by the number of participating nucleon pairs). Both the total number of produced particles and the longitudinal distribution of produced particles are approximately the same in e +e- and in scaled Au + Au. This observation was not predicted and has not been explained. Finally, particle production has been found to scale approximately with the number of participating nucleon pairs for 〈Npart〉 > 65. This scaling occurs both for the total multiplicity and for high pT particles (3 < pT < 4.5 GeV/c).

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0742315887&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/S0375-9474(02)01414-8

DO - 10.1016/S0375-9474(02)01414-8

M3 - 期刊論文

AN - SCOPUS:0742315887

VL - 715

SP - 65c-74c

JO - Nuclear Physics A

JF - Nuclear Physics A

SN - 0375-9474

ER -

Global observations from PHOBOS

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