Experimental observation of interface shapes in the float zone of lithium niobate during a CO₂ laser melting

Physics & Astronomy

• float zones 100%
• lithium niobates 76%
• melting 56%
• surface temperature 47%
• rods 39%
• lasers 31%
• radiometers 28%
• bandpass filters 27%
• thermal radiation 26%
• gases 24%
• wavelengths 23%
• convection 20%
• temperature distribution 19%
• bubbles 18%
• trends 18%
• gravitation 18%
• rings 16%

Chemical Compounds

• Surface Temperature 94%
• Rod Like Crystal 67%
• Melting 62%
• Infrared Imaging 53%
• Wavelength 51%
• Shape 47%
• Gravity 41%
• Bubble 38%
• Reflection 28%
• Gas 19%
• Surface 11%

Engineering & Materials Science

• Lithium 80%
• Melting 69%
• Lasers 55%
• Wavelength 42%
• Radiometers 32%
• Infrared imaging 28%
• Heat radiation 27%
• Gases 27%
• Bandpass filters 24%
• Convection 24%
• Gravitation 21%
• Temperature distribution 19%
• Temperature 9%