Effects of Addition of Lanthanum and Zinc Oxides on the Biological Properties of TiO₂-SiO₂-P₂O₅/CaO on Ion Exchange Resin for Bone Implantation

The spherical materials TiO₂-SiO₂-P₂O₅/CaO, TiO₂-SiO₂-P₂O₅/La₂O₃, and TiO₂-SiO₂-P₂O₅/ZnO deposited on the Tokem-250 cation exchanger have been synthesized with an alcoholic solution by the sol-gel method. The macroporous cation exchanger Tokem-250, which has high Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺, and La³⁺ ion selectivity, was used in the present study. This material has the ability to precipitate and mineralize calcium phosphates on its surface in biological media, since it has high porosity, a homogeneous structure with a uniform variation of elements, and the presence of active centers (Si⁴⁺, Ti⁴⁺) on the surface. The effect of lanthanum and zinc additives on biological properties has been studied. It was established that accumulation of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ occurs faster on the surface of TiO₂-SiO₂-P₂O₅/ZnO in the SBF (simulated body fluid) model solution, showing higher reaction capacity. The amount of calcium and phosphorus ions on the surface of sample TiO₂-SiO₂-P₂O₅/La₂O₃ is greater due to the ability of lanthanum to coordinate a large number of ions (lanthanum coordination number is 10). The presence of zinc ions in the system causes the partial hemoglobin release from erythrocytes into the supernatant fluid. The samples with lanthanum ions reduce the amount of protein in plasma after incubation, which has a positive effect on the practical application.