Effect of cyclones on atmospheric and meteorological parameters

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are devastating natural hazards that originate in the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean from April to November each year. They make landfall at the southwestern coasts of India and Bangladesh. In the last decade, four major TCs hit the southwestern coast of India. Two cyclones Hudhud and Titli developed in October and Fani and Amphan in May. We have carried out the analysis of sea surface temperature (SST), relative humidity (RH), carbon monoxide volume mixing ration (CO VMR), aerosols optical depth (AOD), angstrom exponent (AE), and volume size distribution of (Vol) of aerosols to find the changes in an atmospheric and meteorological parameter associated with these cyclones. The rise of SST is the prime cause of cyclone development. During May 2020, we found relatively high SST compared to other years. Relative humidity plays a vital role in the middle and lower troposphere. Changes are also seen in CO concentration before and after the cyclone’s landfall even at far distant places. Changes in AOD and AE indicate aerosols’ vigorous mixing associated with the cyclonic conditions. These cyclones also impacted the air quality of the coastal cities of India and caused the enhancement in the concentration of finer particles.