Dissecting the long-term emission behaviour of the BL Lac object Mrk 421

M. I. Carnerero; C. M. Raiteri; M. Villata; J. A. Acosta-Pulido; V. M. Larionov; P. S. Smith; F. D'Ammando; I. Agudo; M. J. Arévalo; R. Bachev; J. Barnes; S. Boeva; V. Bozhilov; D. Carosati; C. Casadio; W. P. Chen; G. Damljanovic; E. Eswaraiah; E. Forné; G. Gantchev; J. L. Gómez; P. A. González-Morales; A. B. Griñón-Marín; T. S. Grishina; M. Holden; S. Ibryamov; M. D. Joner; B. Jordan; S. G. Jorstad; M. Joshi; E. N. Kopatskaya; E. Koptelova; O. M. Kurtanidze; S. O. Kurtanidze; E. G. Larionova; L. V. Larionova; G. Latev; C. Lázaro; R. Ligustri; H. C. Lin; A. P. Marscher; C. Martínez-Lombilla; B. McBreen; B. Mihov; S. N. Molina; J. W. Moody; D. A. Morozova; M. G. Nikolashvili; K. Nilsson; E. Ovcharov; C. Pace; N. Panwar; A. Pastor Yabar; R. L. Pearson; F. Pinna; C. Protasio; N. Rizzi; F. J. Redondo-Lorenzo; G. Rodríguez-Coira; J. A. Ros; A. C. Sadun; S. S. Savchenko; E. Semkov; L. Slavcheva-Mihova; N. Smith; A. Strigachev; Yu V. Troitskaya; I. S. Troitsky; A. A. Vasilyev; O. Vince

doi:10.1093/mnras/stx2185

Dissecting the long-term emission behaviour of the BL Lac object Mrk 421

M. I. Carnerero, C. M. Raiteri, M. Villata, J. A. Acosta-Pulido, V. M. Larionov, P. S. Smith, F. D'Ammando, I. Agudo, M. J. Arévalo, R. Bachev, J. Barnes, S. Boeva, V. Bozhilov, D. Carosati, C. Casadio, W. P. Chen, G. Damljanovic, E. Eswaraiah, E. Forné, G. GantchevJ. L. Gómez, P. A. González-Morales, A. B. Griñón-Marín, T. S. Grishina, M. Holden, S. Ibryamov, M. D. Joner, B. Jordan, S. G. Jorstad, M. Joshi, E. N. Kopatskaya, E. Koptelova, O. M. Kurtanidze, S. O. Kurtanidze, E. G. Larionova, L. V. Larionova, G. Latev, C. Lázaro, R. Ligustri, H. C. Lin, A. P. Marscher, C. Martínez-Lombilla, B. McBreen, B. Mihov, S. N. Molina, J. W. Moody, D. A. Morozova, M. G. Nikolashvili, K. Nilsson, E. Ovcharov, C. Pace, N. Panwar, A. Pastor Yabar, R. L. Pearson, F. Pinna, C. Protasio, N. Rizzi, F. J. Redondo-Lorenzo, G. Rodríguez-Coira, J. A. Ros, A. C. Sadun, S. S. Savchenko, E. Semkov, L. Slavcheva-Mihova, N. Smith, A. Strigachev, Yu V. Troitskaya, I. S. Troitsky, A. A. Vasilyev, O. Vince

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摘要

We report on long-term multiwavelength monitoring of blazar Mrk 421 by the GLAST-AGILE Support Program of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (GASP-WEBT) collaboration and Steward Observatory, and by the Swift and Fermi satellites. We study the source behaviour in the period 2007-2015, characterized by several extreme flares. The ratio between the optical, X-ray and γ-ray fluxes is very variable. The γ-ray flux variations show a fair correlation with the optical ones starting from 2012. We analyse spectropolarimetric data and find wavelength-dependence of the polarization degree (P), which is compatible with the presence of the host galaxy, and no wavelength dependence of the electric vector polarization angle (EVPA). Optical polarimetry shows a lack of simple correlation between P and flux and wide rotations of the EVPA. We build broad-band spectral energy distributions with simultaneous near-infrared and optical data from the GASP-WEBT and ultraviolet and X-ray data from the Swift satellite. They show strong variability in both flux and X-ray spectral shape and suggest a shift of the synchrotron peak up to a factor of ~50 in frequency. The interpretation of the flux and spectral variability is compatible with jet models including at least two emitting regions that can change their orientation with respect to the line of sight.

原文	???core.languages.en_GB???
文章編號	stx2185
頁（從 - 到）	3789-3804
頁數	16
期刊	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
卷	472
發行號	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2185
出版狀態	已出版 - 1 12月 2017

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10.1093/mnras/stx2185

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Carnerero, M. I., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., Larionov, V. M., Smith, P. S., D'Ammando, F., Agudo, I., Arévalo, M. J., Bachev, R., Barnes, J., Boeva, S., Bozhilov, V., Carosati, D., Casadio, C., Chen, W. P., Damljanovic, G., Eswaraiah, E., Forné, E., ... Vince, O. (2017). Dissecting the long-term emission behaviour of the BL Lac object Mrk 421. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 472(4), 3789-3804. 文章 stx2185. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2185

@article{e4652898ff7d47ec899352bd8d844af3,

title = "Dissecting the long-term emission behaviour of the BL Lac object Mrk 421",

abstract = "We report on long-term multiwavelength monitoring of blazar Mrk 421 by the GLAST-AGILE Support Program of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (GASP-WEBT) collaboration and Steward Observatory, and by the Swift and Fermi satellites. We study the source behaviour in the period 2007-2015, characterized by several extreme flares. The ratio between the optical, X-ray and γ-ray fluxes is very variable. The γ-ray flux variations show a fair correlation with the optical ones starting from 2012. We analyse spectropolarimetric data and find wavelength-dependence of the polarization degree (P), which is compatible with the presence of the host galaxy, and no wavelength dependence of the electric vector polarization angle (EVPA). Optical polarimetry shows a lack of simple correlation between P and flux and wide rotations of the EVPA. We build broad-band spectral energy distributions with simultaneous near-infrared and optical data from the GASP-WEBT and ultraviolet and X-ray data from the Swift satellite. They show strong variability in both flux and X-ray spectral shape and suggest a shift of the synchrotron peak up to a factor of ~50 in frequency. The interpretation of the flux and spectral variability is compatible with jet models including at least two emitting regions that can change their orientation with respect to the line of sight.",

keywords = "BL Lacertae objects: general, BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421, galaxies: active, galaxies: jets",

author = "Carnerero, {M. I.} and Raiteri, {C. M.} and M. Villata and Acosta-Pulido, {J. A.} and Larionov, {V. M.} and Smith, {P. S.} and F. D'Ammando and I. Agudo and Ar{\'e}valo, {M. J.} and R. Bachev and J. Barnes and S. Boeva and V. Bozhilov and D. Carosati and C. Casadio and Chen, {W. P.} and G. Damljanovic and E. Eswaraiah and E. Forn{\'e} and G. Gantchev and G{\'o}mez, {J. L.} and Gonz{\'a}lez-Morales, {P. A.} and Gri{\~n}{\'o}n-Mar{\'i}n, {A. B.} and Grishina, {T. S.} and M. Holden and S. Ibryamov and Joner, {M. D.} and B. Jordan and Jorstad, {S. G.} and M. Joshi and Kopatskaya, {E. N.} and E. Koptelova and Kurtanidze, {O. M.} and Kurtanidze, {S. O.} and Larionova, {E. G.} and Larionova, {L. V.} and G. Latev and C. L{\'a}zaro and R. Ligustri and Lin, {H. C.} and Marscher, {A. P.} and C. Mart{\'i}nez-Lombilla and B. McBreen and B. Mihov and Molina, {S. N.} and Moody, {J. W.} and Morozova, {D. A.} and Nikolashvili, {M. G.} and K. Nilsson and E. Ovcharov and C. Pace and N. Panwar and {Pastor Yabar}, A. and Pearson, {R. L.} and F. Pinna and C. Protasio and N. Rizzi and Redondo-Lorenzo, {F. J.} and G. Rodr{\'i}guez-Coira and Ros, {J. A.} and Sadun, {A. C.} and Savchenko, {S. S.} and E. Semkov and L. Slavcheva-Mihova and N. Smith and A. Strigachev and Troitskaya, {Yu V.} and Troitsky, {I. S.} and Vasilyev, {A. A.} and O. Vince",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society.",

year = "2017",

month = dec,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/mnras/stx2185",

language = "???core.languages.en_GB???",

volume = "472",

pages = "3789--3804",

journal = "Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society",

issn = "0035-8711",

number = "4",

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Carnerero, MI, Raiteri, CM, Villata, M, Acosta-Pulido, JA, Larionov, VM, Smith, PS, D'Ammando, F, Agudo, I, Arévalo, MJ, Bachev, R, Barnes, J, Boeva, S, Bozhilov, V, Carosati, D, Casadio, C, Chen, WP, Damljanovic, G, Eswaraiah, E, Forné, E, Gantchev, G, Gómez, JL, González-Morales, PA, Griñón-Marín, AB, Grishina, TS, Holden, M, Ibryamov, S, Joner, MD, Jordan, B, Jorstad, SG, Joshi, M, Kopatskaya, EN, Koptelova, E, Kurtanidze, OM, Kurtanidze, SO, Larionova, EG, Larionova, LV, Latev, G, Lázaro, C, Ligustri, R, Lin, HC, Marscher, AP, Martínez-Lombilla, C, McBreen, B, Mihov, B, Molina, SN, Moody, JW, Morozova, DA, Nikolashvili, MG, Nilsson, K, Ovcharov, E, Pace, C, Panwar, N, Pastor Yabar, A, Pearson, RL, Pinna, F, Protasio, C, Rizzi, N, Redondo-Lorenzo, FJ, Rodríguez-Coira, G, Ros, JA, Sadun, AC, Savchenko, SS, Semkov, E, Slavcheva-Mihova, L, Smith, N, Strigachev, A, Troitskaya, YV, Troitsky, IS, Vasilyev, AA & Vince, O 2017, 'Dissecting the long-term emission behaviour of the BL Lac object Mrk 421', Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 卷 472, 編號 4, stx2185, 頁 3789-3804. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2185

TY - JOUR

T1 - Dissecting the long-term emission behaviour of the BL Lac object Mrk 421

AU - Carnerero, M. I.

AU - Raiteri, C. M.

AU - Villata, M.

AU - Acosta-Pulido, J. A.

AU - Larionov, V. M.

AU - Smith, P. S.

AU - D'Ammando, F.

AU - Agudo, I.

AU - Arévalo, M. J.

AU - Bachev, R.

AU - Barnes, J.

AU - Boeva, S.

AU - Bozhilov, V.

AU - Carosati, D.

AU - Casadio, C.

AU - Chen, W. P.

AU - Damljanovic, G.

AU - Eswaraiah, E.

AU - Forné, E.

AU - Gantchev, G.

AU - Gómez, J. L.

AU - González-Morales, P. A.

AU - Griñón-Marín, A. B.

AU - Grishina, T. S.

AU - Holden, M.

AU - Ibryamov, S.

AU - Joner, M. D.

AU - Jordan, B.

AU - Jorstad, S. G.

AU - Joshi, M.

AU - Kopatskaya, E. N.

AU - Koptelova, E.

AU - Kurtanidze, O. M.

AU - Kurtanidze, S. O.

AU - Larionova, E. G.

AU - Larionova, L. V.

AU - Latev, G.

AU - Lázaro, C.

AU - Ligustri, R.

AU - Lin, H. C.

AU - Marscher, A. P.

AU - Martínez-Lombilla, C.

AU - McBreen, B.

AU - Mihov, B.

AU - Molina, S. N.

AU - Moody, J. W.

AU - Morozova, D. A.

AU - Nikolashvili, M. G.

AU - Nilsson, K.

AU - Ovcharov, E.

AU - Pace, C.

AU - Panwar, N.

AU - Pastor Yabar, A.

AU - Pearson, R. L.

AU - Pinna, F.

AU - Protasio, C.

AU - Rizzi, N.

AU - Redondo-Lorenzo, F. J.

AU - Rodríguez-Coira, G.

AU - Ros, J. A.

AU - Sadun, A. C.

AU - Savchenko, S. S.

AU - Semkov, E.

AU - Slavcheva-Mihova, L.

AU - Smith, N.

AU - Strigachev, A.

AU - Troitskaya, Yu V.

AU - Troitsky, I. S.

AU - Vasilyev, A. A.

AU - Vince, O.

PY - 2017/12/1

Y1 - 2017/12/1

N2 - We report on long-term multiwavelength monitoring of blazar Mrk 421 by the GLAST-AGILE Support Program of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (GASP-WEBT) collaboration and Steward Observatory, and by the Swift and Fermi satellites. We study the source behaviour in the period 2007-2015, characterized by several extreme flares. The ratio between the optical, X-ray and γ-ray fluxes is very variable. The γ-ray flux variations show a fair correlation with the optical ones starting from 2012. We analyse spectropolarimetric data and find wavelength-dependence of the polarization degree (P), which is compatible with the presence of the host galaxy, and no wavelength dependence of the electric vector polarization angle (EVPA). Optical polarimetry shows a lack of simple correlation between P and flux and wide rotations of the EVPA. We build broad-band spectral energy distributions with simultaneous near-infrared and optical data from the GASP-WEBT and ultraviolet and X-ray data from the Swift satellite. They show strong variability in both flux and X-ray spectral shape and suggest a shift of the synchrotron peak up to a factor of ~50 in frequency. The interpretation of the flux and spectral variability is compatible with jet models including at least two emitting regions that can change their orientation with respect to the line of sight.

AB - We report on long-term multiwavelength monitoring of blazar Mrk 421 by the GLAST-AGILE Support Program of the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (GASP-WEBT) collaboration and Steward Observatory, and by the Swift and Fermi satellites. We study the source behaviour in the period 2007-2015, characterized by several extreme flares. The ratio between the optical, X-ray and γ-ray fluxes is very variable. The γ-ray flux variations show a fair correlation with the optical ones starting from 2012. We analyse spectropolarimetric data and find wavelength-dependence of the polarization degree (P), which is compatible with the presence of the host galaxy, and no wavelength dependence of the electric vector polarization angle (EVPA). Optical polarimetry shows a lack of simple correlation between P and flux and wide rotations of the EVPA. We build broad-band spectral energy distributions with simultaneous near-infrared and optical data from the GASP-WEBT and ultraviolet and X-ray data from the Swift satellite. They show strong variability in both flux and X-ray spectral shape and suggest a shift of the synchrotron peak up to a factor of ~50 in frequency. The interpretation of the flux and spectral variability is compatible with jet models including at least two emitting regions that can change their orientation with respect to the line of sight.

KW - BL Lacertae objects: general

KW - BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk 421

KW - galaxies: active

KW - galaxies: jets

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85030667240&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1093/mnras/stx2185

DO - 10.1093/mnras/stx2185

M3 - 期刊論文

AN - SCOPUS:85030667240

SN - 0035-8711

VL - 472

SP - 3789

EP - 3804

JO - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

JF - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

IS - 4

M1 - stx2185

ER -

Dissecting the long-term emission behaviour of the BL Lac object Mrk 421

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