Characteristics of Ni_xFe_1–xO_y electrocatalyst on hematite as photoanode for solar hydrogen production

The use of hematite as the photoanode for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production by solar energy has been actively studied due to its abundance, stability, and adequate optical properties. Deposition of an electrocatalyst overlayer on the hematite may increase kinetics and lower the onset potential for water splitting. Ni_xFe_1-xO_y is one of the most effective electrocatalysts reported for this purpose. However, the condition and results of the previous reports vary significantly, and a comprehensive model for Ni_xFe_1-xO_y/hematite is lacking. Here, we report a simple and novel chemical bath deposition method for depositing low-onset-potential Ni_xFe_1-xO_y electrocatalyst on hematite. With a Ni percentage of 80% and an immersion time of 2 min, the as-prepared Ni_xFe_1-xO_y overlayer raised the photovoltage from 0.2 V to 0.7 V, leading to a cathodic shift of the onset potential by 400mV, while maintaining the same level of current density. The dependence of the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical characteristics of the photoanode on the condition of the electrocatalyst was studied systematically and explained based on energy level diagrams and kinetics.