@article{0f31febd69e3450d933103f3352b4665,
title = "An integrated study of anomalies observed before four major earthquakes: 2004 Sumatra M9.3, 2006 Pingtung M7.0, 2007 Chuetsu Oki M6.8, and 2008 Wenchuan M8.0",
abstract = "In this paper, we cross-examine anomalies before four major earthquakes, Sumatra (Indonesia) 2004.12.26 M9.3; Pingtung (Taiwan) 2006.12.26 M7.0 × 2; Chuetsu Oki (Japan) 2007.7.16 M6.8; and Wenchuan (China) 2008.5.12 M8.0. Measurements of the crustal stress, infrasonic wave, and budgerigar jumping rate recorded at Institute of Earthquake Prediction are used to monitor in the lithosphere and atmosphere, while the total electron content over the four epicenters are employed to detect anomalies in the ionosphere. These cross-examinations allow us to have better understanding on the leading time of the four observed anomalies, the earthquake preparation process, and the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling before the earthquakes.",
keywords = "Budgerigar, Crustal stress, GPS TEC, Infrasound",
author = "Liu, {Cheng Yan} and Liu, {Jann Yenq} and Chen, {Wei Sheng} and Li, {Jun Zhi} and Xia, {Ya Qin} and Cui, {Xiao Yan}",
note = "Funding Information: This work combines the IEP multidisciplinary method and the iSTEP integrated study and therefore, both J.Y.L and J.Z.L are the corresponding authors. J.Y.L. wishes to indicate that the infrasound data have been continuously recorded and operated by Prof Li, J.Z. who has been often staying overnight at Institute of Earthquake Prediction (IEP) at Beijing University of Technology for more than 30s years. Without Prof. Li{\textquoteright}s enormous persistence, 30s-year continuous data of the crustal stress, budgerigar, and infrasonic wave shall not be possible. This research is partially supported by the project NSC98-2116-M-008-006-MY3 granted by National Science Council, Taiwan to National Central University (NCU), and 5y50b funding of the Ministry of Education, Taiwan to NCU/iSTEP. The authors, especially corresponding author J.Y.L., highly appreciate reviewers for the comments and suggestions which significantly improve the presentation of this paper.",
year = "2011",
month = jun,
day = "5",
doi = "10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.05.012",
language = "???core.languages.en_GB???",
volume = "41",
pages = "401--409",
journal = "Journal of Asian Earth Sciences",
issn = "1367-9120",
number = "4-5",
}