AI-driven generative design and optimization in prefabricated construction

Prefabricated construction (PC) is evolving through generative design and optimization (GD&O), integrating building information modeling (BIM) and artificial intelligence (AI). However, systematic reviews exploring their combined potential for improving efficiency and sustainability remain limited. This paper addresses this gap by reviewing 82 peer-reviewed publications from Web of Science and Scopus, employing PRISMA methodology alongside bibliometric and thematic analyses. The findings identify four key trends: (1) algorithmic optimization and decision-making, (2) BIM-driven design automation and parametric modeling, (3) sustainable design and cost-effective PC, and (4) industry trends and efficiency in PC. It also reveals twelve challenges, including algorithm complexity, data interoperability, and limited sustainability integration. Future directions include leveraging AI algorithms for building system optimization, advancing robotic process automation and human-robot collaboration, and utilizing digital twins for real-time decision support and predictive project management.