A numerical study of thermal and electrical effects in a vertical LED chip

The influence of the size of an n-electrode and a current blocking layer (CBL) on the thermal and electrical characteristics of a vertical-injection GaN-based light emitting diode (LED) chip is investigated by numerical simulation. The predicted forward voltages are quite consistent with previous experimental data. The coupled thermal and electrical effects affect the performance of a LED chip. For cases without a CBL, the variation in current density and temperature distributions in the active layer, and the forward voltage and Joule heating percentage of the LED chip increase as the n-electrode width (L) decreases. The current crowding and temperature of the hot spot are very significant, although the wall-plug efficiency (WPE) is the highest one obtained for L=100 μm. The better width of the n-electrode in terms of the uniformity of temperature, current density distribution, WPE, and forward voltage may be the case where L=200 μm. The insertion of a CBL into a 600 × 600 μm chip leads to greater uniformity in the distribution of the current density in the effective light-emitting area when L=500 μm. A more uniform temperature distribution in the active layer occurs when L=200 μm, while the case when L=300 μm has the maximum WPE.