勤業務專責下消防人員每日勤務排班最佳化之研究

With increasing demand of firefighters, before making up the shortage between the large demand and the limited supply, the planning of a daily duty scheduling system on fair, reasonable and humanized basis should be the only way to help current firefighters relieve stress from heavy duties. Currently, field firefighting units typically perform duty scheduling in practice based on a manual assignment, which includes many shortcomings, such as time-consuming, uneven distribution of duties, shortage of break time, and no consideration of weights on different duties. This study proposes an optimization model for daily duty scheduling, incorporating the consideration of firefighter's duty requirements, break time, different duty weights evaluated based on labor and rest degrees, and other necessary scheduling constraints. The model can yield a schedule that allows each person with equal amount of weighted duty, while meeting the required manpower constriants for all time periods. Field firefighting units have not fixed their daily duty category and the number of people in duty hours. The duty category on the next day is usually confirmed the night before. Consequently, based on daily on-duty personnel and daily duty category this study applies the 0-1 integer programming technique to construct a model which is solved using LINGO 12.0 to find out the fairest schedule. Finally, a case study is carried out using the data from a field firefighting unit to preliminarily evaluate the model. The duty schedule from the model is also compared with that from the manual assignment to demonstrate the superiority of the model over the manual approach.