@article{87b37daababc487399efae109e132c85,
title = "Temporal Structures in Electron Spectra and Charge Sign Effects in Galactic Cosmic Rays",
abstract = "We present the precision measurements of 11 years of daily cosmic electron fluxes in the rigidity interval from 1.00 to 41.9 GV based on 2.0×108 electrons collected with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) aboard the International Space Station. The electron fluxes exhibit variations on multiple timescales. Recurrent electron flux variations with periods of 27 days, 13.5 days, and 9 days are observed. We find that the electron fluxes show distinctly different time variations from the proton fluxes. Remarkably, a hysteresis between the electron flux and the proton flux is observed with a significance of greater than 6σ at rigidities below 8.5 GV. Furthermore, significant structures in the electron-proton hysteresis are observed corresponding to sharp structures in both fluxes. This continuous daily electron data provide unique input to the understanding of the charge sign dependence of cosmic rays over an 11-year solar cycle.",
author = "{AMS Collaboration} and M. Aguilar and Cavasonza, {L. Ali} and G. Ambrosi and L. Arruda and N. Attig and C. Bagwell and F. Barao and L. Barrin and A. Bartoloni and {Ba{\c s}eǧmez-Du Pree}, S. and R. Battiston and M. Behlmann and N. Belyaev and J. Berdugo and B. Bertucci and V. Bindi and K. Bollweg and J. Bolster and B. Borgia and Boschini, {M. J.} and M. Bourquin and Bueno, {E. F.} and J. Burger and Burger, {W. J.} and S. Burmeister and Cai, {X. D.} and M. Capell and J. Casaus and G. Castellini and F. Cervelli and Chang, {Y. H.} and Chen, {G. M.} and Chen, {G. R.} and Chen, {H. S.} and Y. Chen and L. Cheng and Chou, {H. Y.} and S. Chouridou and V. Choutko and Chung, {C. H.} and C. Clark and G. Coignet and C. Consolandi and A. Contin and C. Corti and Z. Cui and K. Dadzie and A. Dass and C. Delgado and {Della Torre}, S.",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the {"}https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/{"}Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.",
year = "2023",
month = apr,
day = "21",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.161001",
language = "???core.languages.en_GB???",
volume = "13",
journal = "Physical Review Letters",
issn = "0031-9007",
number = "16",
}