Subsurface properties and early activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Samuel Gulkis; Mark Allen; Paul Von Allmen; Gerard Beaudin; Nicolas Biver; Dominique Bockelée-Morvan; Mathieu Choukroun; Jacques Crovisier; Björn J.R. Davidsson; Pierre Encrenaz; Therese Encrenaz; Margaret Frerking; Paul Hartogh; Mark Hofstadter; Wing Huen Ip; Michael Janssen; Christopher Jarchow; Stephen Keihm; Seungwon Lee; Emmanuel Lellouch; Cedric Leyrat; Ladislav Rezac; F. Peter Schloerb; Thomas Spilker

doi:10.1126/science.aaa0709

Subsurface properties and early activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

Samuel Gulkis, Mark Allen, Paul Von Allmen, Gerard Beaudin, Nicolas Biver, Dominique Bockelée-Morvan, Mathieu Choukroun, Jacques Crovisier, Björn J.R. Davidsson, Pierre Encrenaz, Therese Encrenaz, Margaret Frerking, Paul Hartogh, Mark Hofstadter, Wing Huen Ip, Michael Janssen, Christopher Jarchow, Stephen Keihm, Seungwon Lee, Emmanuel LellouchCedric Leyrat, Ladislav Rezac, F. Peter Schloerb, Thomas Spilker

Graduate Institute of Astronomy

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

94 Scopus citations

Abstract

Heat transport and ice sublimation in comets are interrelated processes reflecting properties acquired at the time of formation and during subsequent evolution. The Microwave Instrument on the Rosetta Orbiter (MIRO) acquired maps of the subsurface temperature of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, at 1.6 mm and 0.5 mm wavelengths, and spectra of water vapor. The total H₂O production rate varied from 0.3 kg s^-1 in early June 2014 to 1.2 kg s^-1 in late August and showed periodic variations related to nucleus rotation and shape. Water outgassing was localized to the "neck" region of the comet. Subsurface temperatures showed seasonal and diurnal variations, which indicated that the submillimeter radiation originated at depths comparable to the diurnal thermal skin depth. A low thermal inertia (∼10 to 50 J K^-1 m^-2 s^-0.5), consistent with a thermally insulating powdered surface, is inferred.

Original language	English
Article number	aaa070
Journal	Science
Volume	347
Issue number	6220
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa0709
State	Published - 23 Jan 2015

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Gulkis, S., Allen, M., Von Allmen, P., Beaudin, G., Biver, N., Bockelée-Morvan, D., Choukroun, M., Crovisier, J., Davidsson, B. J. R., Encrenaz, P., Encrenaz, T., Frerking, M., Hartogh, P., Hofstadter, M., Ip, W. H., Janssen, M., Jarchow, C., Keihm, S., Lee, S., ... Spilker, T. (2015). Subsurface properties and early activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Science, 347(6220), Article aaa070. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa0709

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title = "Subsurface properties and early activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko",

abstract = "Heat transport and ice sublimation in comets are interrelated processes reflecting properties acquired at the time of formation and during subsequent evolution. The Microwave Instrument on the Rosetta Orbiter (MIRO) acquired maps of the subsurface temperature of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, at 1.6 mm and 0.5 mm wavelengths, and spectra of water vapor. The total H2O production rate varied from 0.3 kg s-1 in early June 2014 to 1.2 kg s-1 in late August and showed periodic variations related to nucleus rotation and shape. Water outgassing was localized to the {"}neck{"} region of the comet. Subsurface temperatures showed seasonal and diurnal variations, which indicated that the submillimeter radiation originated at depths comparable to the diurnal thermal skin depth. A low thermal inertia (∼10 to 50 J K-1 m-2 s-0.5), consistent with a thermally insulating powdered surface, is inferred.",

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Gulkis, S, Allen, M, Von Allmen, P, Beaudin, G, Biver, N, Bockelée-Morvan, D, Choukroun, M, Crovisier, J, Davidsson, BJR, Encrenaz, P, Encrenaz, T, Frerking, M, Hartogh, P, Hofstadter, M, Ip, WH, Janssen, M, Jarchow, C, Keihm, S, Lee, S, Lellouch, E, Leyrat, C, Rezac, L, Schloerb, FP & Spilker, T 2015, 'Subsurface properties and early activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko', Science, vol. 347, no. 6220, aaa070. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa0709

TY - JOUR

T1 - Subsurface properties and early activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

AU - Gulkis, Samuel

AU - Allen, Mark

AU - Von Allmen, Paul

AU - Beaudin, Gerard

AU - Biver, Nicolas

AU - Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique

AU - Choukroun, Mathieu

AU - Crovisier, Jacques

AU - Davidsson, Björn J.R.

AU - Encrenaz, Pierre

AU - Encrenaz, Therese

AU - Frerking, Margaret

AU - Hartogh, Paul

AU - Hofstadter, Mark

AU - Ip, Wing Huen

AU - Janssen, Michael

AU - Jarchow, Christopher

AU - Keihm, Stephen

AU - Lee, Seungwon

AU - Lellouch, Emmanuel

AU - Leyrat, Cedric

AU - Rezac, Ladislav

AU - Schloerb, F. Peter

AU - Spilker, Thomas

PY - 2015/1/23

Y1 - 2015/1/23

N2 - Heat transport and ice sublimation in comets are interrelated processes reflecting properties acquired at the time of formation and during subsequent evolution. The Microwave Instrument on the Rosetta Orbiter (MIRO) acquired maps of the subsurface temperature of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, at 1.6 mm and 0.5 mm wavelengths, and spectra of water vapor. The total H2O production rate varied from 0.3 kg s-1 in early June 2014 to 1.2 kg s-1 in late August and showed periodic variations related to nucleus rotation and shape. Water outgassing was localized to the "neck" region of the comet. Subsurface temperatures showed seasonal and diurnal variations, which indicated that the submillimeter radiation originated at depths comparable to the diurnal thermal skin depth. A low thermal inertia (∼10 to 50 J K-1 m-2 s-0.5), consistent with a thermally insulating powdered surface, is inferred.

AB - Heat transport and ice sublimation in comets are interrelated processes reflecting properties acquired at the time of formation and during subsequent evolution. The Microwave Instrument on the Rosetta Orbiter (MIRO) acquired maps of the subsurface temperature of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, at 1.6 mm and 0.5 mm wavelengths, and spectra of water vapor. The total H2O production rate varied from 0.3 kg s-1 in early June 2014 to 1.2 kg s-1 in late August and showed periodic variations related to nucleus rotation and shape. Water outgassing was localized to the "neck" region of the comet. Subsurface temperatures showed seasonal and diurnal variations, which indicated that the submillimeter radiation originated at depths comparable to the diurnal thermal skin depth. A low thermal inertia (∼10 to 50 J K-1 m-2 s-0.5), consistent with a thermally insulating powdered surface, is inferred.

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U2 - 10.1126/science.aaa0709

DO - 10.1126/science.aaa0709

M3 - 期刊論文

AN - SCOPUS:84922037255

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 347

JO - Science

JF - Science

IS - 6220

M1 - aaa070

ER -

Subsurface properties and early activity of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko

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