Strong Carbon Features and a Red Early Color in the Underluminous Type Ia SN 2022xkq

Jeniveve Pearson, David J. Sand, Peter Lundqvist, Lluís Galbany, Jennifer E. Andrews, K. Azalee Bostroem, Yize Dong, Emily Hoang, Griffin Hosseinzadeh, Daryl Janzen, Jacob E. Jencson, Michael J. Lundquist, Darshana Mehta, Nicolás Meza Retamal, Manisha Shrestha, Stefano Valenti, Samuel Wyatt, Joseph P. Anderson, Chris Ashall, Katie AuchettlEddie Baron, Stéphane Blondin, Christopher R. Burns, Yongzhi Cai, Ting Wan Chen, Laura Chomiuk, David A. Coulter, Dane Cross, Kyle W. Davis, Thomas de Jaeger, James M. DerKacy, Dhvanil D. Desai, Georgios Dimitriadis, Aaron Do, Joseph R. Farah, Ryan J. Foley, Mariusz Gromadzki, Claudia P. Gutiérrez, Joshua Haislip, Jonay I. González Hernández, Jason T. Hinkle, Willem B. Hoogendam, D. Andrew Howell, Peter Hoeflich, Eric Hsiao, Mark E. Huber, Saurabh W. Jha, Cristina Jiménez Palau, Charles D. Kilpatrick, Vladimir Kouprianov, Sahana Kumar, Lindsey A. Kwok, Conor Larison, Natalie LeBaron, Xavier Le Saux, Jing Lu, Curtis McCully, Tycho Mera Evans, Peter Milne, Maryam Modjaz, Nidia Morrell, Tomás E. Müller-Bravo, Megan Newsome, Matt Nicholl, Estefania Padilla Gonzalez, Anna V. Payne, Craig Pellegrino, Kim Phan, Jonathan Pineda-García, Anthony L. Piro, Lara Piscarreta, Abigail Polin, Daniel E. Reichart, César Rojas-Bravo, Stuart D. Ryder, Irene Salmaso, Michaela Schwab, Melissa Shahbandeh, Benjamin J. Shappee, Matthew R. Siebert, Nathan Smith, Jay Strader, Kirsty Taggart, Giacomo Terreran, Samaporn Tinyanont, M. A. Tucker, Giorgio Valerin, D. R. Young

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Abstract

We present optical, infrared, ultraviolet, and radio observations of SN 2022xkq, an underluminous fast-declining Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) in NGC 1784 (D ≈ 31 Mpc), from <1 to 180 days after explosion. The high-cadence observations of SN 2022xkq, a photometrically transitional and spectroscopically 91bg-like SN Ia, cover the first days and weeks following explosion, which are critical to distinguishing between explosion scenarios. The early light curve of SN 2022xkq has a red early color and exhibits a flux excess that is more prominent in redder bands; this is the first time such a feature has been seen in a transitional/91bg-like SN Ia. We also present 92 optical and 19 near-infrared (NIR) spectra, beginning 0.4 days after explosion in the optical and 2.6 days after explosion in the NIR. SN 2022xkq exhibits a long-lived C i 1.0693 μm feature that persists until 5 days post-maximum. We also detect C ii λ6580 in the pre-maximum optical spectra. These lines are evidence for unburnt carbon that is difficult to reconcile with the double detonation of a sub-Chandrasekhar mass white dwarf. No existing explosion model can fully explain the photometric and spectroscopic data set of SN 2022xkq, but the considerable breadth of the observations is ideal for furthering our understanding of the processes that produce faint SNe Ia.

Original languageEnglish
Article number29
JournalAstrophysical Journal
Volume960
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Jan 2024

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