Strain-induced D band observed in carbon nanotubes

Chia Chi Chang; Chun Chung Chen; Wei Hsuan Hung; I. Kai Hsu; Marcos A. Pimenta; Stephen B. Cronin

doi:10.1007/s12274-012-0269-3

Strain-induced D band observed in carbon nanotubes

Chia Chi Chang, Chun Chung Chen, Wei Hsuan Hung, I. Kai Hsu, Marcos A. Pimenta, Stephen B. Cronin

Graduate Institute of Materials Science and Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

25 Scopus citations

Abstract

We report the emergence of the D band Raman mode in single-walled carbon nanotubes under large axial strain. The D to G mode Raman intensity ratio (I_D/I_G) is observed to increase with strain quadratically by more than a factor of 100-fold. Up to 5% strain, all changes in the Raman spectra are reversible. The emergence of the D band, instead, arises from the reversible and elastic symmetry-lowering of the sp² bonds structure. Beyond 5%, we observe irreversible changes in the Raman spectra due to slippage of the nanotube from the underlying substrate, however, the D band intensity resumes its original pre-strain intensity, indicating that no permanent defects are formed.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	854-862
Number of pages	9
Journal	Nano Research
Volume	5
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-012-0269-3
State	Published - Dec 2012

Keywords

D band
Raman
SWCNTs
defects
strain

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10.1007/s12274-012-0269-3

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title = "Strain-induced D band observed in carbon nanotubes",

abstract = "We report the emergence of the D band Raman mode in single-walled carbon nanotubes under large axial strain. The D to G mode Raman intensity ratio (ID/IG) is observed to increase with strain quadratically by more than a factor of 100-fold. Up to 5% strain, all changes in the Raman spectra are reversible. The emergence of the D band, instead, arises from the reversible and elastic symmetry-lowering of the sp2 bonds structure. Beyond 5%, we observe irreversible changes in the Raman spectra due to slippage of the nanotube from the underlying substrate, however, the D band intensity resumes its original pre-strain intensity, indicating that no permanent defects are formed.",

keywords = "D band, Raman, SWCNTs, defects, strain",

author = "Chang, {Chia Chi} and Chen, {Chun Chung} and Hung, {Wei Hsuan} and Hsu, {I. Kai} and Pimenta, {Marcos A.} and Cronin, {Stephen B.}",

note = "Funding Information: This research was supported in part by Department of Energy (DOE) Award (No. DE-FG02-07ER46376) and Office of Naval Research (ONR) Award (No. N000141010511). The authors would like to thank Prof. Helio Chacham for helpful discussions.",

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AU - Chen, Chun Chung

AU - Hung, Wei Hsuan

AU - Hsu, I. Kai

AU - Pimenta, Marcos A.

AU - Cronin, Stephen B.

N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported in part by Department of Energy (DOE) Award (No. DE-FG02-07ER46376) and Office of Naval Research (ONR) Award (No. N000141010511). The authors would like to thank Prof. Helio Chacham for helpful discussions.

PY - 2012/12

Y1 - 2012/12

N2 - We report the emergence of the D band Raman mode in single-walled carbon nanotubes under large axial strain. The D to G mode Raman intensity ratio (ID/IG) is observed to increase with strain quadratically by more than a factor of 100-fold. Up to 5% strain, all changes in the Raman spectra are reversible. The emergence of the D band, instead, arises from the reversible and elastic symmetry-lowering of the sp2 bonds structure. Beyond 5%, we observe irreversible changes in the Raman spectra due to slippage of the nanotube from the underlying substrate, however, the D band intensity resumes its original pre-strain intensity, indicating that no permanent defects are formed.

AB - We report the emergence of the D band Raman mode in single-walled carbon nanotubes under large axial strain. The D to G mode Raman intensity ratio (ID/IG) is observed to increase with strain quadratically by more than a factor of 100-fold. Up to 5% strain, all changes in the Raman spectra are reversible. The emergence of the D band, instead, arises from the reversible and elastic symmetry-lowering of the sp2 bonds structure. Beyond 5%, we observe irreversible changes in the Raman spectra due to slippage of the nanotube from the underlying substrate, however, the D band intensity resumes its original pre-strain intensity, indicating that no permanent defects are formed.

KW - D band

KW - Raman

KW - SWCNTs

KW - defects

KW - strain

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VL - 5

SP - 854

EP - 862

JO - Nano Research

JF - Nano Research

IS - 12

ER -

Strain-induced D band observed in carbon nanotubes

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Keywords

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