@article{c6675a0bd75845f38bd2a7b4eb0877a0,
title = "Solar and heliospheric phenomena in october-november: Causes and effects",
abstract = "We present new observational data on the phenomena of extremely high activity on the Sun and in the heliosphere that took place in October-November 2003. A large variety of solar and heliospheric parameters give evidence that the interval under consideration is unique over the entire observation time. Based on these data, comparing them with similar situations in the past and using available theoretical concepts, we discuss possible cause-and-effect connections between the processes observed. The paper includes the first results and conclusions derived by the collaboration {"}Solar Extreme Events-2003{"} organized in Russia for detailed investigations of these events. As a result of our consideration, it is beyond question that the physical causes of solar and heliospheric phenomena in October-November 2003 are not exclusively local and do not belong only to the active regions and solar atmosphere above them. The energy reservoirs and driving forces of these processes have a more global nature. In general, they are hidden from an observer, since ultimately their sources lie in the subphotospheric layers of the Sun, where changes that are fast and difficult to predict can sometimes take place (and indeed they do). Solar flares can serve as sufficiently good tracers of these sudden changes and reconstructions on the Sun, although one can still find other diagnostic indicators among the parameters of magnetic fields, motions of matter, and emission characteristics.",
author = "Veselovsky, {I. S.} and Panasyuk, {M. I.} and Avdyushin, {S. I.} and Bazilevskaya, {G. A.} and Belov, {A. V.} and Bogachev, {S. A.} and Bogod, {V. M.} and Bogomolov, {A. V.} and V. Bothmer and Boyarchuk, {K. A.} and Vashenyuk, {E. V.} and Vlasov, {V. I.} and Gnezdilov, {A. A.} and Gorgutsa, {R. V.} and Grechnev, {V. V.} and Denisov, {Yu I.} and Dmitriev, {A. V.} and M. Dryer and Yermolaev, {Yu I.} and Eroshenko, {E. A.} and Zherebtsov, {G. A.} and Zhitnik, {I. A.} and Zhukov, {A. N.} and Zastenker, {G. N.} and Zelenyi, {L. M.} and Zeldovich, {M. A.} and Iyanov-Kholodnyi, {G. S.} and Ignat'ev, {A. P.} and Ishkov, {V. N.} and Kolomiytsev, {O. P.} and Krasheninnikov, {I. A.} and K. Kudela and Kuzhevsky, {B. M.} and Kuzin, {S. V.} and Kuznetsov, {V. D.} and Kuznetsov, {S. N.} and Kurt, {V. G.} and Lazutin, {L. L.} and Leshchenko, {L. N.} and Litvak, {M. L.} and Logachev, {Yu I.} and G. Lawrence and Markeev, {A. K.} and Makhmutov, {V. S.} and Mitrofanov, {A. V.} and Mitrofanov, {I. G.} and Morozov, {O. V.} and Myagkova, {I. N.} and Nusinov, {A. A.} and Oparin, {S. N.} and Panasenco, {O. A.} and Pertsov, {A. A.} and Petrukovich, {A. A.} and Podorol'sky, {A. N.} and Romashets, {E. P.} and Svertilov, {S. I.} and Svidsky, {P. M.} and Svirzhevskaya, {A. K.} and Svirzhevsky, {N. S.} and Slemrin, {V. A.} and Z. Smith and Sobel'man, {I. I.} and Sobolev, {D. E.} and Stozhkov, {Yu I.} and Suvorova, {A. V.} and Sukhodrev, {N. K.} and Tindo, {I. P.} and Tokhchukova, {S. Kh} and Fomichev, {V. V.} and Chashey, {I. V.} and Chertok, {I. M.} and Shishov, {V. I.} and Yushkov, {B. Yu} and Yakovchouk, {O. S.} and Yanke, {V. G.}",
note = "Funding Information: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The work is partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR, projects 02-02-16201, 02-02-17272, 03-02-16049, 03-02-16591, 04-02-16131, and 04-02-16736). It is also supported by the Ministry of Industry and Science of Russian Federation (Stable Contract 40.0221.1.1105 and grants NSh 477.2003.2, NSh 1455.2003.2, and NSh 2046.2003.2), and by the programs “Nonstationary Processes in Astronomy” of Russian Academy of Sciences, “Solar Wind” (program no. 18 of Division of Physical Sciences of RAS), “Universities of Russia” (grant 1877-04), and INTAS 03-51-6206. The authors also thank V.N. Oraevsky for a large contribution to the Coronas project. We are grateful to all persons and institutes presenting to our disposal the data of satellite and ground-based observations on the Internet, and to the staff of all cosmic ray stations whose data were used in this paper: Alma-Ata, Apatity, Barentsburg, Erevan, Irkutsk, Magadan, Moscow, cape Shmidt, Novosibirsk, Norilsk, Tixie, Yakutsk, Athens, Calgary, Climax, Haleakala, Hermanus, Junffraujoch, Kiel, Larc, Lomnitcky Stit, McMurdo, Oulu, Potchefstrom, Rome, Sanae, Tsumeb, Kergelen, and Terra Adelie. The authors also thank the collaborations SOHO/EIT and SOHO/LASCO for permission to use their data. The work of Russian cosmic ray stations is partially supported by RFBR grants 03-07-90389 and 04-02-16763, and US stations are supported by NSF grant ATM-0000315. K. Kudela thanks the APVT agency of Slovakia for support under the project 0259.",
year = "2004",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1023/B:COSM.0000046229.24716.02",
language = "???core.languages.en_GB???",
volume = "42",
pages = "435--488",
journal = "Cosmic Research",
issn = "0010-9525",
number = "5",
}