SN 2023ixf in Messier 101: Photo-ionization of Dense, Close-in Circumstellar Material in a Nearby Type II Supernova

W. V. Jacobson-Galán; L. Dessart; R. Margutti; R. Chornock; R. J. Foley; C. D. Kilpatrick; D. O. Jones; K. Taggart; C. R. Angus; S. Bhattacharjee; L. A. Braff; D. Brethauer; A. J. Burgasser; F. Cao; C. M. Carlile; K. C. Chambers; D. A. Coulter; E. Dominguez-Ruiz; C. B. Dickinson; T. de Boer; A. Gagliano; C. Gall; H. Gao; E. L. Gates; S. Gomez; M. Guolo; M. R.J. Halford; J. Hjorth; M. E. Huber; M. N. Johnson; P. R. Karpoor; T. Laskar; N. LeBaron; Z. Li; Y. Lin; S. D. Loch; P. D. Lynam; E. A. Magnier; P. Maloney; D. J. Matthews; M. McDonald; H. Y. Miao; D. Milisavljevic; Y. C. Pan; S. Pradyumna; C. L. Ransome; J. M. Rees; A. Rest; C. Rojas-Bravo; N. R. Sandford; L. Sandoval Ascencio; S. Sanjaripour; A. Savino; H. Sears; N. Sharei; S. J. Smartt; E. R. Softich; C. A. Theissen; S. Tinyanont; H. Tohfa; V. A. Villar; Q. Wang; R. J. Wainscoat; A. L. Westerling; E. Wiston; M. A. Wozniak; S. K. Yadavalli; Y. Zenati

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acf2ec

SN 2023ixf in Messier 101: Photo-ionization of Dense, Close-in Circumstellar Material in a Nearby Type II Supernova

W. V. Jacobson-Galán, L. Dessart, R. Margutti, R. Chornock, R. J. Foley, C. D. Kilpatrick, D. O. Jones, K. Taggart, C. R. Angus, S. Bhattacharjee, L. A. Braff, D. Brethauer, A. J. Burgasser, F. Cao, C. M. Carlile, K. C. Chambers, D. A. Coulter, E. Dominguez-Ruiz, C. B. Dickinson, T. de BoerA. Gagliano, C. Gall, H. Gao, E. L. Gates, S. Gomez, M. Guolo, M. R.J. Halford, J. Hjorth, M. E. Huber, M. N. Johnson, P. R. Karpoor, T. Laskar, N. LeBaron, Z. Li, Y. Lin, S. D. Loch, P. D. Lynam, E. A. Magnier, P. Maloney, D. J. Matthews, M. McDonald, H. Y. Miao, D. Milisavljevic, Y. C. Pan, S. Pradyumna, C. L. Ransome, J. M. Rees, A. Rest, C. Rojas-Bravo, N. R. Sandford, L. Sandoval Ascencio, S. Sanjaripour, A. Savino, H. Sears, N. Sharei, S. J. Smartt, E. R. Softich, C. A. Theissen, S. Tinyanont, H. Tohfa, V. A. Villar, Q. Wang, R. J. Wainscoat, A. L. Westerling, E. Wiston, M. A. Wozniak, S. K. Yadavalli, Y. Zenati

Graduate Institute of Astronomy

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Abstract

We present UV and/or optical observations and models of SN 2023ixf, a type II supernova (SN) located in Messier 101 at 6.9 Mpc. Early time (flash) spectroscopy of SN 2023ixf, obtained primarily at Lick Observatory, reveals emission lines of H i, He i/ii, C iv, and N iii/iv/v with a narrow core and broad, symmetric wings arising from the photoionization of dense, close-in circumstellar material (CSM) located around the progenitor star prior to shock breakout. These electron-scattering broadened line profiles persist for ∼8 days with respect to first light, at which time Doppler broadened the features from the fastest SN ejecta form, suggesting a reduction in CSM density at r ≳ 10¹⁵ cm. The early time light curve of SN 2023ixf shows peak absolute magnitudes (e.g., M _u = −18.6 mag, M _g = −18.4 mag) that are ≳2 mag brighter than typical type II SNe, this photometric boost also being consistent with the shock power supplied from CSM interaction. Comparison of SN 2023ixf to a grid of light-curve and multiepoch spectral models from the non-LTE radiative transfer code CMFGEN and the radiation-hydrodynamics code HERACLES suggests dense, solar-metallicity CSM confined to r = (0.5-1) × 10¹⁵ cm, and a progenitor mass-loss rate of M ̇ = 10 − 2 M ⊙ yr⁻¹. For the assumed progenitor wind velocity of v _w = 50 km s⁻¹, this corresponds to enhanced mass loss (i.e., superwind phase) during the last ∼3-6 yr before explosion.

Original language	English
Article number	L42
Journal	Astrophysical Journal Letters
Volume	954
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf2ec
State	Published - 1 Sep 2023

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10.3847/2041-8213/acf2ec

Improving Type Ia Supernovae as Probes of Dark Energy – Optical Spectrum(3/3)
Pan, Y.-C. (PI)
1/10/22 → 31/08/23
Project: Research

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Jacobson-Galán, W. V., Dessart, L., Margutti, R., Chornock, R., Foley, R. J., Kilpatrick, C. D., Jones, D. O., Taggart, K., Angus, C. R., Bhattacharjee, S., Braff, L. A., Brethauer, D., Burgasser, A. J., Cao, F., Carlile, C. M., Chambers, K. C., Coulter, D. A., Dominguez-Ruiz, E., Dickinson, C. B., ... Zenati, Y. (2023). SN 2023ixf in Messier 101: Photo-ionization of Dense, Close-in Circumstellar Material in a Nearby Type II Supernova. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 954(2), Article L42. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf2ec

@article{199ef3967358441ba360f17b4772e5bb,

title = "SN 2023ixf in Messier 101: Photo-ionization of Dense, Close-in Circumstellar Material in a Nearby Type II Supernova",

abstract = "We present UV and/or optical observations and models of SN 2023ixf, a type II supernova (SN) located in Messier 101 at 6.9 Mpc. Early time (flash) spectroscopy of SN 2023ixf, obtained primarily at Lick Observatory, reveals emission lines of H i, He i/ii, C iv, and N iii/iv/v with a narrow core and broad, symmetric wings arising from the photoionization of dense, close-in circumstellar material (CSM) located around the progenitor star prior to shock breakout. These electron-scattering broadened line profiles persist for ∼8 days with respect to first light, at which time Doppler broadened the features from the fastest SN ejecta form, suggesting a reduction in CSM density at r ≳ 1015 cm. The early time light curve of SN 2023ixf shows peak absolute magnitudes (e.g., M u = −18.6 mag, M g = −18.4 mag) that are ≳2 mag brighter than typical type II SNe, this photometric boost also being consistent with the shock power supplied from CSM interaction. Comparison of SN 2023ixf to a grid of light-curve and multiepoch spectral models from the non-LTE radiative transfer code CMFGEN and the radiation-hydrodynamics code HERACLES suggests dense, solar-metallicity CSM confined to r = (0.5-1) × 1015 cm, and a progenitor mass-loss rate of M{\. } = 10 − 2 M ⊙ yr−1. For the assumed progenitor wind velocity of v w = 50 km s−1, this corresponds to enhanced mass loss (i.e., superwind phase) during the last ∼3-6 yr before explosion.",

author = "Jacobson-Gal{\'a}n, {W. V.} and L. Dessart and R. Margutti and R. Chornock and Foley, {R. J.} and Kilpatrick, {C. D.} and Jones, {D. O.} and K. Taggart and Angus, {C. R.} and S. Bhattacharjee and Braff, {L. A.} and D. Brethauer and Burgasser, {A. J.} and F. Cao and Carlile, {C. M.} and Chambers, {K. C.} and Coulter, {D. A.} and E. Dominguez-Ruiz and Dickinson, {C. B.} and {de Boer}, T. and A. Gagliano and C. Gall and H. Gao and Gates, {E. L.} and S. Gomez and M. Guolo and Halford, {M. R.J.} and J. Hjorth and Huber, {M. E.} and Johnson, {M. N.} and Karpoor, {P. R.} and T. Laskar and N. LeBaron and Z. Li and Y. Lin and Loch, {S. D.} and Lynam, {P. D.} and Magnier, {E. A.} and P. Maloney and Matthews, {D. J.} and M. McDonald and Miao, {H. Y.} and D. Milisavljevic and Pan, {Y. C.} and S. Pradyumna and Ransome, {C. L.} and Rees, {J. M.} and A. Rest and C. Rojas-Bravo and Sandford, {N. R.} and Ascencio, {L. Sandoval} and S. Sanjaripour and A. Savino and H. Sears and N. Sharei and Smartt, {S. J.} and Softich, {E. R.} and Theissen, {C. A.} and S. Tinyanont and H. Tohfa and Villar, {V. A.} and Q. Wang and Wainscoat, {R. J.} and Westerling, {A. L.} and E. Wiston and Wozniak, {M. A.} and Yadavalli, {S. K.} and Y. Zenati",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.",

year = "2023",

month = sep,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/acf2ec",

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volume = "954",

journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",

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Jacobson-Galán, WV, Dessart, L, Margutti, R, Chornock, R, Foley, RJ, Kilpatrick, CD, Jones, DO, Taggart, K, Angus, CR, Bhattacharjee, S, Braff, LA, Brethauer, D, Burgasser, AJ, Cao, F, Carlile, CM, Chambers, KC, Coulter, DA, Dominguez-Ruiz, E, Dickinson, CB, de Boer, T, Gagliano, A, Gall, C, Gao, H, Gates, EL, Gomez, S, Guolo, M, Halford, MRJ, Hjorth, J, Huber, ME, Johnson, MN, Karpoor, PR, Laskar, T, LeBaron, N, Li, Z, Lin, Y, Loch, SD, Lynam, PD, Magnier, EA, Maloney, P, Matthews, DJ, McDonald, M, Miao, HY, Milisavljevic, D, Pan, YC, Pradyumna, S, Ransome, CL, Rees, JM, Rest, A, Rojas-Bravo, C, Sandford, NR, Ascencio, LS, Sanjaripour, S, Savino, A, Sears, H, Sharei, N, Smartt, SJ, Softich, ER, Theissen, CA, Tinyanont, S, Tohfa, H, Villar, VA, Wang, Q, Wainscoat, RJ, Westerling, AL, Wiston, E, Wozniak, MA, Yadavalli, SK & Zenati, Y 2023, 'SN 2023ixf in Messier 101: Photo-ionization of Dense, Close-in Circumstellar Material in a Nearby Type II Supernova', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 954, no. 2, L42. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acf2ec

TY - JOUR

T1 - SN 2023ixf in Messier 101

T2 - Photo-ionization of Dense, Close-in Circumstellar Material in a Nearby Type II Supernova

AU - Jacobson-Galán, W. V.

AU - Dessart, L.

AU - Margutti, R.

AU - Chornock, R.

AU - Foley, R. J.

AU - Kilpatrick, C. D.

AU - Jones, D. O.

AU - Taggart, K.

AU - Angus, C. R.

AU - Bhattacharjee, S.

AU - Braff, L. A.

AU - Brethauer, D.

AU - Burgasser, A. J.

AU - Cao, F.

AU - Carlile, C. M.

AU - Chambers, K. C.

AU - Coulter, D. A.

AU - Dominguez-Ruiz, E.

AU - Dickinson, C. B.

AU - de Boer, T.

AU - Gagliano, A.

AU - Gall, C.

AU - Gao, H.

AU - Gates, E. L.

AU - Gomez, S.

AU - Guolo, M.

AU - Halford, M. R.J.

AU - Hjorth, J.

AU - Huber, M. E.

AU - Johnson, M. N.

AU - Karpoor, P. R.

AU - Laskar, T.

AU - LeBaron, N.

AU - Li, Z.

AU - Lin, Y.

AU - Loch, S. D.

AU - Lynam, P. D.

AU - Magnier, E. A.

AU - Maloney, P.

AU - Matthews, D. J.

AU - McDonald, M.

AU - Miao, H. Y.

AU - Milisavljevic, D.

AU - Pan, Y. C.

AU - Pradyumna, S.

AU - Ransome, C. L.

AU - Rees, J. M.

AU - Rest, A.

AU - Rojas-Bravo, C.

AU - Sandford, N. R.

AU - Ascencio, L. Sandoval

AU - Sanjaripour, S.

AU - Savino, A.

AU - Sears, H.

AU - Sharei, N.

AU - Smartt, S. J.

AU - Softich, E. R.

AU - Theissen, C. A.

AU - Tinyanont, S.

AU - Tohfa, H.

AU - Villar, V. A.

AU - Wang, Q.

AU - Wainscoat, R. J.

AU - Westerling, A. L.

AU - Wiston, E.

AU - Wozniak, M. A.

AU - Yadavalli, S. K.

AU - Zenati, Y.

PY - 2023/9/1

Y1 - 2023/9/1

N2 - We present UV and/or optical observations and models of SN 2023ixf, a type II supernova (SN) located in Messier 101 at 6.9 Mpc. Early time (flash) spectroscopy of SN 2023ixf, obtained primarily at Lick Observatory, reveals emission lines of H i, He i/ii, C iv, and N iii/iv/v with a narrow core and broad, symmetric wings arising from the photoionization of dense, close-in circumstellar material (CSM) located around the progenitor star prior to shock breakout. These electron-scattering broadened line profiles persist for ∼8 days with respect to first light, at which time Doppler broadened the features from the fastest SN ejecta form, suggesting a reduction in CSM density at r ≳ 1015 cm. The early time light curve of SN 2023ixf shows peak absolute magnitudes (e.g., M u = −18.6 mag, M g = −18.4 mag) that are ≳2 mag brighter than typical type II SNe, this photometric boost also being consistent with the shock power supplied from CSM interaction. Comparison of SN 2023ixf to a grid of light-curve and multiepoch spectral models from the non-LTE radiative transfer code CMFGEN and the radiation-hydrodynamics code HERACLES suggests dense, solar-metallicity CSM confined to r = (0.5-1) × 1015 cm, and a progenitor mass-loss rate of M ̇ = 10 − 2 M ⊙ yr−1. For the assumed progenitor wind velocity of v w = 50 km s−1, this corresponds to enhanced mass loss (i.e., superwind phase) during the last ∼3-6 yr before explosion.

AB - We present UV and/or optical observations and models of SN 2023ixf, a type II supernova (SN) located in Messier 101 at 6.9 Mpc. Early time (flash) spectroscopy of SN 2023ixf, obtained primarily at Lick Observatory, reveals emission lines of H i, He i/ii, C iv, and N iii/iv/v with a narrow core and broad, symmetric wings arising from the photoionization of dense, close-in circumstellar material (CSM) located around the progenitor star prior to shock breakout. These electron-scattering broadened line profiles persist for ∼8 days with respect to first light, at which time Doppler broadened the features from the fastest SN ejecta form, suggesting a reduction in CSM density at r ≳ 1015 cm. The early time light curve of SN 2023ixf shows peak absolute magnitudes (e.g., M u = −18.6 mag, M g = −18.4 mag) that are ≳2 mag brighter than typical type II SNe, this photometric boost also being consistent with the shock power supplied from CSM interaction. Comparison of SN 2023ixf to a grid of light-curve and multiepoch spectral models from the non-LTE radiative transfer code CMFGEN and the radiation-hydrodynamics code HERACLES suggests dense, solar-metallicity CSM confined to r = (0.5-1) × 1015 cm, and a progenitor mass-loss rate of M ̇ = 10 − 2 M ⊙ yr−1. For the assumed progenitor wind velocity of v w = 50 km s−1, this corresponds to enhanced mass loss (i.e., superwind phase) during the last ∼3-6 yr before explosion.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85172935806&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/acf2ec

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/acf2ec

M3 - 期刊論文

AN - SCOPUS:85172935806

SN - 2041-8205

VL - 954

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

IS - 2

M1 - L42

ER -

SN 2023ixf in Messier 101: Photo-ionization of Dense, Close-in Circumstellar Material in a Nearby Type II Supernova

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