TY - JOUR
T1 - Resolving elve, halo and sprite halo images at 10,000 fps in the taiwan 2020 campaign
AU - Kuo, Cheng Ling
AU - Huang, Tai Yin
AU - Hsu, Cheng Mao
AU - Sato, Mitsuteru
AU - Lee, Lou Chuang
AU - Lin, Neng Huei
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - After almost thirty years’ efforts on studying transient luminous events (TLEs), ground-based observation has confirmed the TLE family, including elves, halos, sprites, and blue jets, etc. The typical elve has the shortest emission time (<1 ms) in comparison with other TLEs. The second shortest is the halo emission. Although elves and halos are supposed to be more frequent than sprites, ground campaigns still have less probability of recording their images due to their fleeting and short emission. Additionally, the submillisecond imaging of elves, halos, and sprite halos helps us resolve their electro-optic dynamics and morphological features, but few have been reported in the literature. Our study presents the 10,000 fps imaging frames on elves, halos and sprite halos, compares their similarity and disparity, and analyzes their parent lightning properties with associated VLF and ELF data.
AB - After almost thirty years’ efforts on studying transient luminous events (TLEs), ground-based observation has confirmed the TLE family, including elves, halos, sprites, and blue jets, etc. The typical elve has the shortest emission time (<1 ms) in comparison with other TLEs. The second shortest is the halo emission. Although elves and halos are supposed to be more frequent than sprites, ground campaigns still have less probability of recording their images due to their fleeting and short emission. Additionally, the submillisecond imaging of elves, halos, and sprite halos helps us resolve their electro-optic dynamics and morphological features, but few have been reported in the literature. Our study presents the 10,000 fps imaging frames on elves, halos and sprite halos, compares their similarity and disparity, and analyzes their parent lightning properties with associated VLF and ELF data.
KW - Elves
KW - Halos
KW - Sprites
KW - Transient luminous events
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85112475802&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/atmos12081000
DO - 10.3390/atmos12081000
M3 - 期刊論文
AN - SCOPUS:85112475802
SN - 2073-4433
VL - 12
JO - Atmosphere
JF - Atmosphere
IS - 8
M1 - 1000
ER -