Abstract
This paper establishes an industrial upgrading model by dividing the industrial upgrading process into two: the foundation–construction and industrial upgrading stages. Eighty-one sample countries, from 2006 to 2012, were divided into two groups according to their degree of market freedom. The meta-frontier method was employed to explore technology gaps in the groups caused by the different markets. It was found that emerging economies with a free market have a better upgrading performance than those with a restricted market, and the efficiency gap between the two groups was seen to be continually increasing.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 1084-1095 |
| Number of pages | 12 |
| Journal | Managerial and Decision Economics |
| Volume | 41 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - 1 Sep 2020 |