High-power and single-mode VCSEL arrays with single-polarized outputs by using package-induced tensile strain

Jin Wei Shi, Zuhaib Khan, Ray Hua Horng, Hsiao Yun Yeh, Chun Kai Huang, Cheng Yi Liu, Jie Chen Shih, Yung Hao Chang, Jia Liang Yen, Jinn Kong Sheu

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

7 Scopus citations

Abstract

In this work, we demonstrate a novel high-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array with highly single-mode (SM) and single-polarized output performance without significantly increasing the intra-cavity loss and threshold current (Ith). By combining a low-loss zinc-diffusion aperture with an electroplated copper substrate, we can obtain a highly SM output (side mode suppression ratio >50 dB) with a very narrow divergence angle (1/e2: ∼10) under high output power (3.1 W; 1% duty cycle) and sustain a single polarization state, with a polarization suppression ratio of around 9 dB, under the full range of bias currents. Compared to the reference device without the copper substrate, the demonstrated array can not only switch the output optical spectra from quasi-SM to highly SM but also maintain a close threshold current value (Ith: 0.8 versus 0.7 mA per unit device) and slope efficiency. The enhancement in fundamental mode selectivity of our VCSEL structure can be attributed to the single-polarized lasing mode induced by tensile strain, which is caused by the electroplated copper substrate, as verified by the double-crystal x-ray measurement results.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)4839-4842
Number of pages4
JournalOptics Letters
Volume45
Issue number17
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Sep 2020

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