TY - JOUR
T1 - Exposure to respirable and fine dust particle over North-Central India
T2 - chemical characterization, source interpretation, and health risk analysis
AU - Gupta, Pratima
AU - Satsangi, Mamta
AU - Satsangi, Guru Prasad
AU - Jangid, Ashok
AU - Liu, Yang
AU - Pani, Shantanu Kumar
AU - Kumar, Ranjit
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, Springer Nature B.V.
PY - 2020/7/1
Y1 - 2020/7/1
N2 - This study enhances the understanding of the particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10) and their physical and chemical behavior over the Taj Mahal, Agra, in North-Central India. The mass concentration was determined, and the shape and size of the particles and chemical characterizations have been carried out using SEM–EDX. The high level and significant variation of PM10 (162.2 µg m−3) and PM2.5 (83.9 µg m−3) were observed. The exceedance factor of the present study region is in critical and moderate condition. Morphological characterization reveals the particles of different shapes and sizes, while elemental analysis shows the presence of Si, Al, Fe, Ca, K, Cl, Mg, Na, Cu, and Zn. The dominance of Si indicated the contribution of natural sources, i.e., soil over this region. Three significant sources, viz. soil/road paved dust/vegetative emissions, vehicular/industrial emissions, and intermingling of dust and combustion particles, have been identified using principal component analysis over North-Central India. Health risk analysis of particulate matter identified carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic metals in the present study, which comes in contact with human beings during inhalation. The non-carcinogenic risk was much higher than the acceptable level. The high carcinogenic risks were found in Zn in PM10 and Cu in PM2.5 for both children and adults.
AB - This study enhances the understanding of the particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10) and their physical and chemical behavior over the Taj Mahal, Agra, in North-Central India. The mass concentration was determined, and the shape and size of the particles and chemical characterizations have been carried out using SEM–EDX. The high level and significant variation of PM10 (162.2 µg m−3) and PM2.5 (83.9 µg m−3) were observed. The exceedance factor of the present study region is in critical and moderate condition. Morphological characterization reveals the particles of different shapes and sizes, while elemental analysis shows the presence of Si, Al, Fe, Ca, K, Cl, Mg, Na, Cu, and Zn. The dominance of Si indicated the contribution of natural sources, i.e., soil over this region. Three significant sources, viz. soil/road paved dust/vegetative emissions, vehicular/industrial emissions, and intermingling of dust and combustion particles, have been identified using principal component analysis over North-Central India. Health risk analysis of particulate matter identified carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic metals in the present study, which comes in contact with human beings during inhalation. The non-carcinogenic risk was much higher than the acceptable level. The high carcinogenic risks were found in Zn in PM10 and Cu in PM2.5 for both children and adults.
KW - Aerosols
KW - Health risk analysis
KW - Heavy metals
KW - Source
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85076754797&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10653-019-00461-w
DO - 10.1007/s10653-019-00461-w
M3 - 期刊論文
C2 - 31823181
AN - SCOPUS:85076754797
SN - 0269-4042
VL - 42
SP - 2081
EP - 2099
JO - Environmental Geochemistry and Health
JF - Environmental Geochemistry and Health
IS - 7
ER -
