Enhancement of tetrahedral chromium (Cr4+) concentration for high-gain in single-mode crystalline core fibers

Chun Nien Liu, Jhuo Wei Li, Yung Hsiang Tung, Chun Chuen Yang, Wei Chih Cheng, Sheng Lung Huang, Wood Hi Cheng

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

Tetrahedral chromium (Cr4+)-ions is the main contributor to gain in the broadband single-mode Cr-doped crystalline core fibers (SCCFs). We have demonstrated a gross gain of 8-dB on a length of 27-cm for a 300-nm broadband SCCF using a thermal annealing technique. Gross gain and fiber length are the highest yet reported for the SCCF. The record gain is mainly due to both the longer fiber by aligned molten-zone growth and Cr4+-ions enhancement by thermal annealing. The enhancement mechanism of the Cr4+-ions in the SCCF is experimentally verified by the means of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) and electron probe X-ray micro-analysis (EPMA). As a practical application of the proposed 8-dB gain in the SCCFs in fiber transmissions, a 25-Gb/s error-floor free link is successfully demonstrated.

Original languageEnglish
Article number9001190
JournalIEEE Photonics Journal
Volume12
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Apr 2020

Keywords

  • Thermal annealing
  • fiber amplifiers
  • fiber fabrication
  • single-mode Cr-doped crystalline-core fiber.

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