Effects of ionizing energetic electrons and plasma transport in the ionosphere during the initial phase of the December 2006 magnetic storm

A. V. Suvorova, C. M. Huang, A. V. Dmitriev, V. E. Kunitsyn, E. S. Andreeva, I. A. Nesterov, M. V. Klimenko, V. V. Klimenko, Yu S. Tumanova

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

17 Scopus citations

Abstract

The initial phase of a major geomagnetic storm on 14 December 2006 was selected in order to investigate the ionizing effect of energetic electrons in the ionosphere. The global network of GPS receivers was used to analyze the total electron content (TEC). A strong positive ionospheric storm of ~20 TEC units (TECU) with ~6 h duration was observed on the dayside during the interval of northward interplanetary magnetic field. At the same time, the NOAA/POES satellites observed long-lasting intense fluxes of >30 keV electrons in the topside ionosphere at middle and low latitudes, including a near-equatorial forbidden zone outside of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). We found that the TEC increases overlapped well with the enhancements of energetic electrons. Modeling of the ionospheric response by using a Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, and Protonosphere, based on the standard mechanisms of plasma transport, could only partially explain the ionospheric response and was unable to predict the long-duration increase of TEC. For the energetic electrons, we estimated the ionizing effect of ~45 TECU and ~23 TECU in the topside ionosphere, respectively, inside and outside of SAA. The ionizing effect contributed from 50% to 100% of TEC increases and provided the long duration and wide latitudinal extension of the positive ionospheric storm. This finding is a very important argument in supporting significant ionizing effect of energetic electrons in the storm time ionosphere both at middle and low latitudes.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)5880-5896
Number of pages17
JournalJournal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Volume121
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Jun 2016

Keywords

  • direct ionization impact
  • ionospheric modeling
  • positive ionospheric storm
  • precipitating and quasi-trapped electrons
  • radio tomography

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