Centrality and energy dependence of charged-particle multiplicities in heavy ion collisions in the context of elementary reactions

B. B. Back; M. D. Baker; D. S. Barton; R. R. Betts; M. Ballintijn; A. A. Bickley; R. Bindel; A. Budzanowski; W. Busza; A. Carroll; M. P. Decowski; E. García; N. George; K. Gulbrandsen; S. Gushue; C. Halliwell; J. Hamblen; G. A. Heintzelman; C. Henderson; D. J. Hofman; R. S. Hollis; R. Hołyński; B. Holzman; A. Iordanova; E. Johnson; J. L. Kane; J. Katzy; N. Khan; W. Kucewicz; P. Kulinich; C. M. Kuo; W. T. Lin; S. Manly; D. McLeod; J. Michałowski; A. C. Mignerey; R. Nouicer; A. Olszewski; R. Pak; I. C. Park; H. Pernegger; C. Reed; L. P. Remsberg; M. Reuter; C. Roland; G. Roland; L. Rosenberg; J. Sagerer; P. Sarin; P. Sawicki; W. Skulski; S. G. Steadman; P. Steinberg; G. S.F. Stephans; M. Stodulski; A. Sukhanov; J. L. Tang; R. Teng; A. Trzupek; C. Vale; G. J.Van Nieuwenhuizen; R. Verdier; G. I. Veres; B. Wadsworth; F. L.H. Wolfs; B. Wosiek; K. Woźniak; A. H. Wuosmaa; B. Wysłouch

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.74.021902

Centrality and energy dependence of charged-particle multiplicities in heavy ion collisions in the context of elementary reactions

B. B. Back, M. D. Baker, D. S. Barton, R. R. Betts, M. Ballintijn, A. A. Bickley, R. Bindel, A. Budzanowski, W. Busza, A. Carroll, M. P. Decowski, E. García, N. George, K. Gulbrandsen, S. Gushue, C. Halliwell, J. Hamblen, G. A. Heintzelman, C. Henderson, D. J. HofmanR. S. Hollis, R. Hołyński, B. Holzman, A. Iordanova, E. Johnson, J. L. Kane, J. Katzy, N. Khan, W. Kucewicz, P. Kulinich, C. M. Kuo, W. T. Lin, S. Manly, D. McLeod, J. Michałowski, A. C. Mignerey, R. Nouicer, A. Olszewski, R. Pak, I. C. Park, H. Pernegger, C. Reed, L. P. Remsberg, M. Reuter, C. Roland, G. Roland, L. Rosenberg, J. Sagerer, P. Sarin, P. Sawicki, W. Skulski, S. G. Steadman, P. Steinberg, G. S.F. Stephans, M. Stodulski, A. Sukhanov, J. L. Tang, R. Teng, A. Trzupek, C. Vale, G. J.Van Nieuwenhuizen, R. Verdier, G. I. Veres, B. Wadsworth, F. L.H. Wolfs, B. Wosiek, K. Woźniak, A. H. Wuosmaa, B. Wysłouch

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Abstract

The PHOBOS experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured the total multiplicity of primary charged particles as a function of collision centrality in Au+Au collisions at sNN= 19.6, 130, and 200 GeV. An approximate independence of Nch Npart/2 on the number of participating nucleons is observed, reminiscent of "wounded nucleon" scaling (Nch Npart) observed in proton-nucleus collisions. Unlike p+A, the constant of proportionality does not seem to be set by the pp/p̄p data at the same energy. Rather, there seems to be a surprising correspondence with the total multiplicity measured in e+e- annihilations, as well as the rapidity shape measured over a large range. The energy dependence of the integrated multiplicity per participant pair shows that e+e- and A+A data agree over a large range of center-of-mass energies (s>20 GeV), and pp/p̄p data can be brought to agree approximately with the e+e- data by correcting for the typical energy taken away by leading particles. This is suggestive of a mechanism for soft particle production that depends mainly on the amount of available energy. It is conjectured that the dominant distinction between A+A and p+p collisions is the multiple collisions per participant, which appears to be sufficient to substantially reduce the energy taken away by leading particles.

Original language	English
Article number	021902
Journal	Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics
Volume	74
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.74.021902
State	Published - 2006

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Back, B. B., Baker, M. D., Barton, D. S., Betts, R. R., Ballintijn, M., Bickley, A. A., Bindel, R., Budzanowski, A., Busza, W., Carroll, A., Decowski, M. P., García, E., George, N., Gulbrandsen, K., Gushue, S., Halliwell, C., Hamblen, J., Heintzelman, G. A., Henderson, C., ... Wysłouch, B. (2006). Centrality and energy dependence of charged-particle multiplicities in heavy ion collisions in the context of elementary reactions. Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics, 74(2), [021902]. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.74.021902

Back, B. B. ; Baker, M. D. ; Barton, D. S. ; Betts, R. R. ; Ballintijn, M. ; Bickley, A. A. ; Bindel, R. ; Budzanowski, A. ; Busza, W. ; Carroll, A. ; Decowski, M. P. ; García, E. ; George, N. ; Gulbrandsen, K. ; Gushue, S. ; Halliwell, C. ; Hamblen, J. ; Heintzelman, G. A. ; Henderson, C. ; Hofman, D. J. ; Hollis, R. S. ; Hołyński, R. ; Holzman, B. ; Iordanova, A. ; Johnson, E. ; Kane, J. L. ; Katzy, J. ; Khan, N. ; Kucewicz, W. ; Kulinich, P. ; Kuo, C. M. ; Lin, W. T. ; Manly, S. ; McLeod, D. ; Michałowski, J. ; Mignerey, A. C. ; Nouicer, R. ; Olszewski, A. ; Pak, R. ; Park, I. C. ; Pernegger, H. ; Reed, C. ; Remsberg, L. P. ; Reuter, M. ; Roland, C. ; Roland, G. ; Rosenberg, L. ; Sagerer, J. ; Sarin, P. ; Sawicki, P. ; Skulski, W. ; Steadman, S. G. ; Steinberg, P. ; Stephans, G. S.F. ; Stodulski, M. ; Sukhanov, A. ; Tang, J. L. ; Teng, R. ; Trzupek, A. ; Vale, C. ; Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.Van ; Verdier, R. ; Veres, G. I. ; Wadsworth, B. ; Wolfs, F. L.H. ; Wosiek, B. ; Woźniak, K. ; Wuosmaa, A. H. ; Wysłouch, B. / Centrality and energy dependence of charged-particle multiplicities in heavy ion collisions in the context of elementary reactions. In: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics. 2006 ; Vol. 74, No. 2.

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title = "Centrality and energy dependence of charged-particle multiplicities in heavy ion collisions in the context of elementary reactions",

abstract = "The PHOBOS experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured the total multiplicity of primary charged particles as a function of collision centrality in Au+Au collisions at sNN= 19.6, 130, and 200 GeV. An approximate independence of Nch Npart/2 on the number of participating nucleons is observed, reminiscent of {"}wounded nucleon{"} scaling (Nch Npart) observed in proton-nucleus collisions. Unlike p+A, the constant of proportionality does not seem to be set by the pp/{\=p}p data at the same energy. Rather, there seems to be a surprising correspondence with the total multiplicity measured in e+e- annihilations, as well as the rapidity shape measured over a large range. The energy dependence of the integrated multiplicity per participant pair shows that e+e- and A+A data agree over a large range of center-of-mass energies (s>20 GeV), and pp/{\=p}p data can be brought to agree approximately with the e+e- data by correcting for the typical energy taken away by leading particles. This is suggestive of a mechanism for soft particle production that depends mainly on the amount of available energy. It is conjectured that the dominant distinction between A+A and p+p collisions is the multiple collisions per participant, which appears to be sufficient to substantially reduce the energy taken away by leading particles.",

author = "Back, {B. B.} and Baker, {M. D.} and Barton, {D. S.} and Betts, {R. R.} and M. Ballintijn and Bickley, {A. A.} and R. Bindel and A. Budzanowski and W. Busza and A. Carroll and Decowski, {M. P.} and E. Garc{\'i}a and N. George and K. Gulbrandsen and S. Gushue and C. Halliwell and J. Hamblen and Heintzelman, {G. A.} and C. Henderson and Hofman, {D. J.} and Hollis, {R. S.} and R. Ho{\l}y{\'n}ski and B. Holzman and A. Iordanova and E. Johnson and Kane, {J. L.} and J. Katzy and N. Khan and W. Kucewicz and P. Kulinich and Kuo, {C. M.} and Lin, {W. T.} and S. Manly and D. McLeod and J. Micha{\l}owski and Mignerey, {A. C.} and R. Nouicer and A. Olszewski and R. Pak and Park, {I. C.} and H. Pernegger and C. Reed and Remsberg, {L. P.} and M. Reuter and C. Roland and G. Roland and L. Rosenberg and J. Sagerer and P. Sarin and P. Sawicki and W. Skulski and Steadman, {S. G.} and P. Steinberg and Stephans, {G. S.F.} and M. Stodulski and A. Sukhanov and Tang, {J. L.} and R. Teng and A. Trzupek and C. Vale and Nieuwenhuizen, {G. J.Van} and R. Verdier and Veres, {G. I.} and B. Wadsworth and Wolfs, {F. L.H.} and B. Wosiek and K. Wo{\'z}niak and Wuosmaa, {A. H.} and B. Wys{\l}ouch",

year = "2006",

doi = "10.1103/PhysRevC.74.021902",

language = "???core.languages.en_GB???",

volume = "74",

journal = "Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics",

issn = "0556-2813",

number = "2",

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Back, BB, Baker, MD, Barton, DS, Betts, RR, Ballintijn, M, Bickley, AA, Bindel, R, Budzanowski, A, Busza, W, Carroll, A, Decowski, MP, García, E, George, N, Gulbrandsen, K, Gushue, S, Halliwell, C, Hamblen, J, Heintzelman, GA, Henderson, C, Hofman, DJ, Hollis, RS, Hołyński, R, Holzman, B, Iordanova, A, Johnson, E, Kane, JL, Katzy, J, Khan, N, Kucewicz, W, Kulinich, P, Kuo, CM , Lin, WT, Manly, S, McLeod, D, Michałowski, J, Mignerey, AC, Nouicer, R, Olszewski, A, Pak, R, Park, IC, Pernegger, H, Reed, C, Remsberg, LP, Reuter, M, Roland, C, Roland, G, Rosenberg, L, Sagerer, J, Sarin, P, Sawicki, P, Skulski, W, Steadman, SG, Steinberg, P, Stephans, GSF, Stodulski, M, Sukhanov, A, Tang, JL, Teng, R, Trzupek, A, Vale, C, Nieuwenhuizen, GJV, Verdier, R, Veres, GI, Wadsworth, B, Wolfs, FLH, Wosiek, B, Woźniak, K, Wuosmaa, AH & Wysłouch, B 2006, 'Centrality and energy dependence of charged-particle multiplicities in heavy ion collisions in the context of elementary reactions', Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics, vol. 74, no. 2, 021902. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.74.021902

Centrality and energy dependence of charged-particle multiplicities in heavy ion collisions in the context of elementary reactions. / Back, B. B.; Baker, M. D.; Barton, D. S.; Betts, R. R.; Ballintijn, M.; Bickley, A. A.; Bindel, R.; Budzanowski, A.; Busza, W.; Carroll, A.; Decowski, M. P.; García, E.; George, N.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gushue, S.; Halliwell, C.; Hamblen, J.; Heintzelman, G. A.; Henderson, C.; Hofman, D. J.; Hollis, R. S.; Hołyński, R.; Holzman, B.; Iordanova, A.; Johnson, E.; Kane, J. L.; Katzy, J.; Khan, N.; Kucewicz, W.; Kulinich, P.; Kuo, C. M.; Lin, W. T.; Manly, S.; McLeod, D.; Michałowski, J.; Mignerey, A. C.; Nouicer, R.; Olszewski, A.; Pak, R.; Park, I. C.; Pernegger, H.; Reed, C.; Remsberg, L. P.; Reuter, M.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rosenberg, L.; Sagerer, J.; Sarin, P.; Sawicki, P.; Skulski, W.; Steadman, S. G.; Steinberg, P.; Stephans, G. S.F.; Stodulski, M.; Sukhanov, A.; Tang, J. L.; Teng, R.; Trzupek, A.; Vale, C.; Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.Van; Verdier, R.; Veres, G. I.; Wadsworth, B.; Wolfs, F. L.H.; Wosiek, B.; Woźniak, K.; Wuosmaa, A. H.; Wysłouch, B.

In: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics, Vol. 74, No. 2, 021902, 2006.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Centrality and energy dependence of charged-particle multiplicities in heavy ion collisions in the context of elementary reactions

AU - Back, B. B.

AU - Baker, M. D.

AU - Barton, D. S.

AU - Betts, R. R.

AU - Ballintijn, M.

AU - Bickley, A. A.

AU - Bindel, R.

AU - Budzanowski, A.

AU - Busza, W.

AU - Carroll, A.

AU - Decowski, M. P.

AU - García, E.

AU - George, N.

AU - Gulbrandsen, K.

AU - Gushue, S.

AU - Halliwell, C.

AU - Hamblen, J.

AU - Heintzelman, G. A.

AU - Henderson, C.

AU - Hofman, D. J.

AU - Hollis, R. S.

AU - Hołyński, R.

AU - Holzman, B.

AU - Iordanova, A.

AU - Johnson, E.

AU - Kane, J. L.

AU - Katzy, J.

AU - Khan, N.

AU - Kucewicz, W.

AU - Kulinich, P.

AU - Kuo, C. M.

AU - Lin, W. T.

AU - Manly, S.

AU - McLeod, D.

AU - Michałowski, J.

AU - Mignerey, A. C.

AU - Nouicer, R.

AU - Olszewski, A.

AU - Pak, R.

AU - Park, I. C.

AU - Pernegger, H.

AU - Reed, C.

AU - Remsberg, L. P.

AU - Reuter, M.

AU - Roland, C.

AU - Roland, G.

AU - Rosenberg, L.

AU - Sagerer, J.

AU - Sarin, P.

AU - Sawicki, P.

AU - Skulski, W.

AU - Steadman, S. G.

AU - Steinberg, P.

AU - Stephans, G. S.F.

AU - Stodulski, M.

AU - Sukhanov, A.

AU - Tang, J. L.

AU - Teng, R.

AU - Trzupek, A.

AU - Vale, C.

AU - Nieuwenhuizen, G. J.Van

AU - Verdier, R.

AU - Veres, G. I.

AU - Wadsworth, B.

AU - Wolfs, F. L.H.

AU - Wosiek, B.

AU - Woźniak, K.

AU - Wuosmaa, A. H.

AU - Wysłouch, B.

PY - 2006

Y1 - 2006

N2 - The PHOBOS experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured the total multiplicity of primary charged particles as a function of collision centrality in Au+Au collisions at sNN= 19.6, 130, and 200 GeV. An approximate independence of Nch Npart/2 on the number of participating nucleons is observed, reminiscent of "wounded nucleon" scaling (Nch Npart) observed in proton-nucleus collisions. Unlike p+A, the constant of proportionality does not seem to be set by the pp/p̄p data at the same energy. Rather, there seems to be a surprising correspondence with the total multiplicity measured in e+e- annihilations, as well as the rapidity shape measured over a large range. The energy dependence of the integrated multiplicity per participant pair shows that e+e- and A+A data agree over a large range of center-of-mass energies (s>20 GeV), and pp/p̄p data can be brought to agree approximately with the e+e- data by correcting for the typical energy taken away by leading particles. This is suggestive of a mechanism for soft particle production that depends mainly on the amount of available energy. It is conjectured that the dominant distinction between A+A and p+p collisions is the multiple collisions per participant, which appears to be sufficient to substantially reduce the energy taken away by leading particles.

AB - The PHOBOS experiment at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider has measured the total multiplicity of primary charged particles as a function of collision centrality in Au+Au collisions at sNN= 19.6, 130, and 200 GeV. An approximate independence of Nch Npart/2 on the number of participating nucleons is observed, reminiscent of "wounded nucleon" scaling (Nch Npart) observed in proton-nucleus collisions. Unlike p+A, the constant of proportionality does not seem to be set by the pp/p̄p data at the same energy. Rather, there seems to be a surprising correspondence with the total multiplicity measured in e+e- annihilations, as well as the rapidity shape measured over a large range. The energy dependence of the integrated multiplicity per participant pair shows that e+e- and A+A data agree over a large range of center-of-mass energies (s>20 GeV), and pp/p̄p data can be brought to agree approximately with the e+e- data by correcting for the typical energy taken away by leading particles. This is suggestive of a mechanism for soft particle production that depends mainly on the amount of available energy. It is conjectured that the dominant distinction between A+A and p+p collisions is the multiple collisions per participant, which appears to be sufficient to substantially reduce the energy taken away by leading particles.

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33747686077&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.021902

DO - 10.1103/PhysRevC.74.021902

M3 - 期刊論文

AN - SCOPUS:33747686077

VL - 74

JO - Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics

JF - Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics

SN - 0556-2813

IS - 2

M1 - 021902

ER -

Centrality and energy dependence of charged-particle multiplicities in heavy ion collisions in the context of elementary reactions

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