A bi-phase core–shell structure of Mg-based bulk metallic glass for application in orthopedic fixation implants

Mg-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) and its composites have been promising candidates for orthopedic fixation implants because of their biocompatibility, low degradation rate, and osteogenic potential. However, the amorphous state is affected by the cooling rate during the casting process. Solid, unstable structures combined with amorphous and crystalline structures are generated when an insufficient cooling rate is used. Here, we aimed to design and synthesize a novel core–shell structure comprising an amorphous shell and a crystalline core in order to overcome the material size limit imposed by the cooling rate effects. Our results show that the core–shell structure of Mg-based BMG does have a lower degradation rate and can maintain a more amorphous structure after six weeks of degradation. Moreover, the biocompatibility and osteogenic effects were similar between the core–shell and solid structures of Mg-based BMG. In conclusion, the core–shell structure of Mg-based BMG exhibits a lower degradation rate while still enhancing osteogenic potential in vitro. This core–shell structure of Mg-based BMG overcomes the cooling rate effects and provides a new structure for manufacturing Mg-based BMG.