In response to the rise of consumer awareness, medical institutes to provide necessary medical services from the perspective of patients has become an important trend. In order to investigate the cognitive processes in patients receiving the quality of medical care, in this study, the proposed medical procedures in Donabedian’s quality of medical care model, Structure-Process-Outcome, is extended as three mediating variables including physician-patient relationship, treatment expectancy, and behavior intention. The research sample is adopted from orthopedic patients by judgmental sampling. The research variables will be measured using the self-administered questionnaire with subject to 560 participators. The structural equation model is employed as the research method for conducting the empirical study of causal relationship. Expected results will be helpful to probe the effects of physician-patient relationship, treatment expectancy, and behavior intention on the quality of medical care, providing improvement suggestions on medical care process of institutions.