Extended Studies on Nonequilibrium Statistical Thermodynamics and Markov Chain

In this proposed research, we will extend our studies on the stochastic dynamics of small systems which interact with heat reservoirs. We will focus on their characteristics at the nonequilibrium steady states (NESS). Starting from the fluctuation relations, we will continue looking for the methods to gain thermodynamic quantities directly from the probability distributions via time-reversal operations. Beside the electric RC circuit systems, we will also investigate on other stochastic systems. Meanwhile, we would like to analyze the effects of the usage of artificial noises/information.