海洋大氣學門重點計畫-次中尺度海氣象因子之時空變異特性觀測研究

In order to understand the conditions of oceanic and atmospheric instability, the spatial distribution, variability, and causes of the sub-mesoscale meteorological factors and their effects on the interaction between the sea and the atmosphere. In this study, wave parameters, sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface current velocity, and sea surface roughness (MSS) were measured by a miniature buoy array and a ship-based global positioning system (GPS & SBAS) signal software receiver system in the East China Sea of the northern Taiwan waters and the Arctic Ocean respectively. The four meteorological factors, Sea Surface Temperature (SST), Sea Surface Current (SSC), and Mean Square Slope (MSS), are used to estimate the heat flux of sea-air interaction with the satellite remote sensing of sea surface humidity, and the spatial variability of the observed meteorological factors is described by the ordinal rate method.The first-hand data obtained from the field observation experiments conducted in the northern Taiwan waters can facilitate the understanding of the oceanic submesoscale system. In the first year, several of the buoys deployed in this project entered the typhoon Kompasu to record the interaction between the sea and air under the extreme phenomenon. Also, the buoys were successfully deployed at the edge of the Arctic Ocean sea ice to enter the polar waters along the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC) to record the temperature changes of the warm ocean currents and to calculate the heat exchange and dispersion rates of the surrounding water bodies. In addition, we also record the wind waves and swells during polar storms, and the interaction fluxes with the sea air to increase the mastery and prediction of the melting rate of the Arctic sea ice. These prospective attempts to promote polar research in Taiwan and the scientific results and data generated will be of great benefit to Taiwan's participation in international polar diplomacy.In terms of social impacts, the contributions of research results to marine disaster warning and mitigation are described separately. Freak waves, are described as waves with a single wave crest, wave heights of several meters, and high wave steepness, often occurring in coastal areas. It’s is an example of a submesoscale system in the ocean, representing the extreme unevenness of wave energy distribution in the ocean. Because of its unpredictability, it often causes serious damage to offshore structures and marine vessels without warning, and endangers the lives and properties of people. In this study, the spatial and temporal variability of BFI parameters and their relationship with other related factors can be deduced from the wave parameters observed by buoys, and it is expected that the characteristics of freak waves can be further understood.The increasing frequency of extreme rainfall events has become an issue of concern under global climate change. This study is also expected to improve the understanding of water vapor fluxes in the submesoscale ocean system and its interaction with air, and to update the parameterization scheme, which has the potential to improve the prediction of extreme rainfall events.